Basal cell carcinoma is the most common cancer worldwide. Most of basal cell carcinoma can be detected in the early stages and are generally well controlled with local resection. Despite the high incidence of BCC, intramucosal BCC is a very rare clinical entity. We hereby present a rare case report of pigmented BCC on soft palate and review the literature of this entity.

Renal cell carcinoma is the most lethal urological cancer and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality due to cancers of the urogenital tract. In routine diagnostic surgical pathology practice of renal tumours, immunohistochemistry is a helpful ancillary technique after routine H & E. The role of renal immunohistochemistry is explored in this study.
The paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of all the confirmed cases of renal cell carcinoma seen at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, during the 10-year study period of 2007 to 2016 were retrieved, sectioned and immunohistochemistry done using monoclonal antibodies for EMA, Vimentin and CD117 following standard protocols. Frequency statistics and chi-square were applied to data to determine proportions and associations using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.
A total of 48 cases of renal cell carcinoma were seen within the study period that met the inclusion criteria for the study. The age range of the patients was between 3 to 76 years with an average age of 44.17 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.3. Fuhrman Grade 2 nuclei were predominant (43.75%) while Fuhrman Grade 4 nuclei had the lowest frequency (6.25%). EMAstaining patterns for the different histological patterns of RCC showed no statistically significant difference while Vimentin and CD117 staining patterns showed a statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the staining patterns of all three markers and the nuclear grades of the cases of RCC.
This study demonstrated the usefulness of Vimentin and CD117 in differentiating chromophobe variant of renal cell carcinoma from other subtypes while EMA showed variable expression across the various subtypes.
Le carcinome à cellules rénales est le cancer urologique le plus mortel et contribue de manière significative à la morbidité et à la mortalité liées aux cancers du tractus urogénital. Dans la pratique courante de la pathologie chirurgicale diagnostique des tumeurs rénales, l\'immunohistochimie est une technique auxiliaire utile après la coloration H & E (hématoxyline et éosine). Le rôle de l\'immunohistochimie rénale est exploré dans cette étude.
Les blocs de tissus inclus en paraffine de tous les cas confirmés de carcinome à cellules rénales observés à l\'hôpital universitaire du collège (UCH) d\'Ibadan, au cours de la période d\'étude de 10 ans de 2007 à 2016, ont été récupérés, sectionnés et soumis à une immunohistochimie en utilisant des anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre l\'EMA, la vimentine et le CD117 suivant des protocoles standard.Des statistiques de fréquence et le test du chi-carré ont été appliqués aux données pour déterminer les proportions et les associations à l\'aide du logiciel Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.
Au cours de la période d\'étude, un total de 48 cas de carcinome à cellules rénales répondant aux critères d\'inclusion de l\'étude ont été observés. L\'âge des patients variait de 3 à 76 ans, avec un âge moyen de 44,17 ans. Le ratio hommes-femmes était de 1:1,3. Les noyaux de grade Fuhrman 2 étaient prédominants (43,75 %), tandis que les noyaux de grade Fuhrman 4 présentaient la fréquence la plus basse (6,25 %). Les schémas de coloration de l\'EMA pour les différentes variantes histologiques du RCC n\'ont montré aucune différence statistiquement significative, tandis que les schémas de coloration de la vimentine et du CD117 ont montré une différence statistiquement significative. Aucune différence statistiquement significative n\'a été observée entre les schémas de coloration des trois marqueurs et les grades nucléaires des cas de RCC.
Cette étude a démontré l\'utilité de la vimentine et du CD117 pour différencier la variante chromophobe du carcinome à cellules rénales des autres sous-types, tandis que l\'EMA a montré une expression variable dans les différents sous-types.
Carcinome à cellules rénales (CCR), antigène membranaire épithélial (EMA), vimentine, C-Kit (tyrosine kinase, CD 117), hématoxyline et éosine (H & E).

Extramammary Paget\'s disease is an intraepithelial neoplasm, usually found in areas rich in apocrine gland concentration. The clinical features, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and management details of five patients (F = 3, M = 2) have been described here. While a well-defined persistent plaque with crusting and erosion was the most common presentation, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation and depigmentation were also observed in two patients. Characteristic Paget\'s cells with cytokeratin 7 and EMA positivity were seen on histopathology examination. Authors conclude that pigmentary alterations may be under-reported in extra mammary Paget\'s disease in the skin of colour.

BACKGROUND: Encephaloceles are neural tube defects characterized by herniation of meninges, neural tissue and cerebrospinal fluid, while atretic cephaloceles denote a rudimentary connection to the intracranial space with absence of herniated neural tissue and represent an infrequent dermatopathologic diagnosis. Limited reports of these entities confound the challenge in their histopathologic distinction. Accurate classification is important given associated anomalies and neurologic manifestations that impact prognosis.
METHODS: We describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and somatostatin receptor subtype 2A (SSTR2A)] features in a retrospective series encountered at a single institution between 1994 and 2020.
RESULTS: We identified 13 cases classified as atretic cephalocele (n = 11) and encephalocele (n = 2). Hamartomatous changes and multinucleated cells were unique to atretic cephaloceles while myxoid areas were unique to encephaloceles. At least focal staining for SSTRA was seen in all atretic cephaloceles with the majority (87.5%) staining for EMA; negative staining for GFAP and S100 confirmed absence of neural tissue. Encephaloceles were GFAP and S100 positive, and negative for SSTR2 and EMA. Atretic cephaloceles had a favorable prognosis compared to encephaloceles, with severe morbidity present in both encephalocele cases.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study raises awareness of atretic cephalocele and encephalocele among dermatopathologists and reveals a mutually exclusive immunophenotype that facilitates their distinction for prognostication and management.

BACKGROUND: Soft tissue perineurioma (STP) is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor demonstrating uniform perineurial cell differentiation. To the authors\' knowledge, the cytomorphologic features of STP remain incompletely characterized, and the distinction between STP and its benign (intramuscular/cellular myxoma) and malignant (low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma [LGFMS]) mimics is challenging.
METHODS: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA)/core needle biopsies of 25 low-grade myxoid spindle cell neoplasm cases including STP (5 cases), intramuscular/cellular myxoma (16 cases), and LGFMS (4 cases) were reviewed retrospectively for cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic comparison.
RESULTS: FNA smears of STP were hypocellular with scattered clusters of spindle cells with bland, slender nuclei; bipolar cytoplasmic processes; and scant myxoid to collagenous matrix. STP commonly lacked the abundant granular myxoid matrix material present in intramuscular/cellular myxoma (20% in STP vs 75% in intramuscular/cellular myxoma; P <.05), but these tumors were otherwise remarkably found to be similar on FNA smears. All STP and intramuscular/cellular myxoma cases lacked cytologic atypia, whereas 50% of LGFMS cases demonstrated mild nuclear atypia. EMA was positive in all STPs, but also was found to be at least focally positive in 60% of intramuscular/cellular myxoma cases (9 of 15 cases) and 75% of LGFMS cases (3 of 4 cases). MUC4 was found to be negative in all 15 intramuscular/cellular myxoma and 5 STP cases, but was positive in all 4 LGFMS cases.
CONCLUSIONS: STP, intramuscular/cellular myxoma, and LGFMS have significant cytomorphologic overlap. Immunohistochemical staining with EMA is not beneficial due to a lack of specificity. Negative MUC4 staining reliably excludes LGFMS. Therefore, a clinically meaningful approach to the FNA biopsy evaluation of a low-grade myxoid spindle cell neoplasm is to provide a differential diagnosis and to exclude a low-grade sarcoma. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:651-8. © 2016 American Cancer Society.