先天性免疫细胞(ILC)是最近发现的先天性免疫细胞,它们在粘膜组织中存在并自我更新,并作为抵御各种外部侮辱的第一道防线。它们包括自然杀伤(NK)细胞,ILC1,ILC2s,ILC3,和淋巴组织诱导细胞。ILC1-3的发育和功能反映了其适应性免疫TH1,TH2和TH17T细胞对应物的功能。哮喘是由反复暴露于特定过敏原或宿主/环境因素(例如,肥胖)刺激致病性肺免疫细胞,包括ILC。记忆曾经是适应性免疫细胞的标志,直到最近单核细胞的研究,巨噬细胞,和NK细胞表明,先天免疫细胞也可以表现出对再刺激的更大反应,并且这些反应性更高的细胞可以长寿。此外,一系列研究表明,组织驻留的先天淋巴样细胞具有类似记忆的表型,例如重复暴露于过敏原后细胞因子产生增加或表观遗传修饰。值得注意的是,哮喘的临床和小鼠研究均表明,多种过敏原可在ILC2s中产生记忆样特征.这里,我们讨论ILC的生物学,它们在哮喘发病机理中的作用,以及支持ILC记忆的证据。我们还显示了证据表明记忆ILC可以帮助驱动哮喘的表型异质性。因此,对记忆性ILC的进一步研究可能在开发哮喘新疗法方面取得丰硕成果.
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently discovered innate immune cells that reside and self-renew in mucosal tissues and serve as the first line of defense against various external insults. They include natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. The development and functions of ILC1-3 reflect those of their adaptive immunity TH1, TH2, and TH17 T-cell counterparts. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease caused by repeated exposure to specific allergens or host/environmental factors (e.g., obesity) that stimulate pathogenic pulmonary immune cells, including ILCs. Memory used to be a hallmark of adaptive immune cells until recent studies of monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells showed that innate immune cells can also exhibit greater responses to re-stimulation and that these more responsive cells can be long-lived. Besides, a series of studies suggest that the tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells have memory-like phenotypes, such as increased cytokine productions or epigenetic modifications following repetitive exposure to allergens. Notably, both clinical and mouse studies of asthma show that various allergens can generate memory-like features in ILC2s. Here, we discuss the biology of ILCs, their roles in asthma pathogenesis, and the evidence supporting ILC memory. We also show evidence suggesting memory ILCs could help drive the phenotypic heterogeneity in asthma. Thus, further research on memory ILCs may be fruitful in terms of developing new therapies for asthma.