植物毛状体,由专门的地上表皮细胞形成的突起,提供对各种生物和非生物胁迫的保护。毛状体可以是单细胞的,双细胞或多细胞,有多个分支或根本没有分支。单细胞毛状体通常不分泌,而多细胞毛状体包括分泌型和非分泌型毛发。分泌的毛状体释放次级代谢产物,如青蒿素,作为抗疟药很有价值。棉毛状体,也被称为棉纤维,是纺织工业的重要天然产品。近年来,在阐明拟南芥毛状体形成的分子机制方面取得了很大进展,陆地棉,水稻,黄瓜,番茄红素,烟草,还有黄花蒿.这里,我们回顾了当前关于命运决定和启动的分子机制的知识,伸长率,单细胞的成熟,几种代表性植物的双细胞和多细胞毛状体。我们强调植物激素的调节作用,转录因子,毛状体发育不同阶段的细胞周期和表观遗传修饰。最后,我们确定了未来植物毛状体发育研究的障碍和关键点,并推测了盐生植物的盐腺与非盐生植物的毛状体之间的发育关系,为今后研究植物表皮细胞的发育提供参考。
Plant trichomes, protrusions formed from specialized aboveground epidermal cells, provide protection against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Trichomes can be unicellular, bicellular or multicellular, with multiple branches or no branches at all. Unicellular trichomes are generally not secretory, whereas multicellular trichomes include both secretory and non-secretory hairs. The secretory trichomes release secondary metabolites such as artemisinin, which is valuable as an antimalarial agent. Cotton trichomes, also known as cotton fibers, are an important natural product for the textile industry. In recent years, much progress has been made in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of trichome formation in Arabidopsis thaliana, Gossypium hirsutum, Oryza sativa, Cucumis sativus, Solanum lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum, and Artemisia annua. Here, we review current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying fate determination and initiation, elongation, and maturation of unicellular, bicellular and multicellular trichomes in several representative plants. We emphasize the regulatory roles of plant hormones, transcription factors, the cell cycle and epigenetic modifications in different stages of trichome development. Finally, we identify the obstacles and key points for future research on plant trichome development, and speculated the development relationship between the salt glands of halophytes and the trichomes of non-halophytes, which provides a reference for future studying the development of plant epidermal cells.