多功能纳米材料的模拟酶性质提出了一类新的材料,分类为纳米酶,ornanozymes.它们是通过功能化纳米材料以产生可以模拟酶样功能的活性位点而制造的人工酶。材料从金属和氧化物延伸到具有固有的类酶性质的无机纳米颗粒。成本高,稳定性低,分离的困难,可重用性,和天然酶的储存问题可以通过纳米酶很好地解决。自2007年以来,已有100多种纳米酶被报道模拟过氧化物酶等酶,氧化酶,过氧化氢酶,蛋白酶,核酸酶,水解酶,超氧化物歧化酶,等。此外,几种纳米酶也可以表现出多酶特性。据报道,通过利用这种化学物质,光学,和由纳米酶提供的生理化学性质。这篇综述的重点是报道了从各种材料制造的纳米酶,以及它们的酶模拟活性,涉及调整材料,如金属纳米颗粒(NP),金属氧化物NP,金属有机框架(MOF),共价有机骨架(COF),和碳基NP。此外,详细讨论了纳米酶在生物医学研究中的各种应用。
The enzyme-mimicking nature of versatile nanomaterials proposes a new class of materials categorized as nano-
enzymes, ornanozymes. They are artificial
enzymes fabricated by functionalizing nanomaterials to generate active sites that can mimic enzyme-like functions. Materials extend from metals and oxides to inorganic nanoparticles possessing intrinsic enzyme-like properties. High cost, low stability, difficulty in separation, reusability, and storage issues of natural
enzymes can be well addressed by nanozymes. Since 2007, more than 100 nanozymes have been reported that mimic
enzymes like peroxidase, oxidase, catalase, protease, nuclease, hydrolase, superoxide dismutase, etc. In addition, several nanozymes can also exhibit multi-enzyme properties. Vast applications have been reported by exploiting the chemical, optical, and physiochemical properties offered by nanozymes. This review focuses on the reported nanozymes fabricated from a variety of materials along with their enzyme-mimicking activity involving tuning of materials such as metal nanoparticles (NPs), metal-oxide NPs, metal-organic framework (MOF), covalent organic framework (COF), and carbon-based NPs. Furthermore, diverse applications of nanozymes in biomedical research are discussed in detail.