背景:弓形虫(T。gondii)是我们星球上普遍存在的原生动物寄生虫,会导致弓形虫病。这项研究评估了Meshkin-Shahr医疗中心的人群中弓形虫感染的血清阳性率和相关危险因素,伊朗西北部。
方法:从普通人群中随机采集400份血液样本,并使用抗弓形虫抗体进行评估,免疫球蛋白G和M(IgG和IgM)酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)试剂盒在2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行之前和期间分两步,2019-2020年。采用SPSS26软件进行Logistic回归分析。
结果:在COVID-19大流行之前,在39%的个体中检测到抗弓形虫抗体(IgG:38%,IgM:0.5%,和IgG-IgM:0.5%)。在评估的11个风险因素中,与土壤的接触和人们的意识与弓形虫感染显着相关(p<0.05)。然而,比如女性,20-39岁年龄组,初中,家庭主妇,农村地区,生肉或蔬菜消费,蔬菜或水果用水清洗,不是洗涤剂,猫主人与血清阳性没有显着关系(p>0.05)。在COVID-19大流行爆发后,抗T.gondii抗体增加到49.7%(IgG:47.7%,IgM:0.5%,和IgG和IgM:1.5%)。在这些患者中,26%的人对COVID-19呈阳性。此外,在COVID-19大流行之前,40个样品的抗T.刚地抗体,但后来变为阳性。粗略和调整后的模型表明,弓形虫病可能是对COVID-19易感性增加的可能危险因素,比值比(OR)为1.28(95%置信区间(CI),0.82-1.99;P<0.05)。相反,在COVID-19阳性个体中观察到对潜伏性弓形虫病的无明显保护作用(OR=0.99;95%CI,0.51-1.92;P>0.05),和COVID-19阳性没有增加抗T。刚地IgG抗体。
结论:该地区的普通人群中弓形虫的血清阳性率为中度。患有潜伏弓形虫病的COVID-19阳性患者数量的增加凸显了需要注意这些患者弓形虫病的早期诊断和适当治疗,并在这些地区实施预防计划,以应对未来可能的病毒感染。
BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite on our planet that causes toxoplasmosis. This study evaluated the seroprevalence and related risk factors for T. gondii infection in a population referred to healthcare centers in Meshkin-Shahr, Northwest Iran.
METHODS: A total of 400 blood samples were randomly collected from the general population and assessed using the anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, Immunoglobulin G and M (IgG and IgM) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kits in two steps before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, 2019-2020. The results were analyzed through logistic regression via SPSS 26 software.
RESULTS: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-toxoplasma antibodies were detected in 39% of individuals (IgG: 38%, IgM: 0.5%, and IgG-IgM: 0.5%). Among the eleven risk factors evaluated, contact with soil and people awareness were significantly associated with T. gondii infection (p < 0.05). However, factors such as females, 20-39 age groups, junior high schools, housewives, rural areas, raw meat or vegetable consumption, vegetable or fruits washed by water, not detergent, and cat owners did not show a significant relationship with seropositivity (p > 0.05). After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall seroprevalence for anti-T. gondii antibody increased to 49.7% (IgG: 47.7%, IgM: 0.5%, and IgG and IgM: 1.5%). Among these patients, 26% were positive for COVID-19. Additionally, before the COVID-19 pandemic, 40 samples were negative for anti-T. gondii antibodies but later became positive. The crude and adjusted models suggested that toxoplasmosis may be a possible risk factor for increased susceptibility to COVID-19, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.28 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82-1.99; P < 0.05). Conversely, a non-significant protective effect against latent toxoplasmosis was observed in COVID-19-positive individuals (OR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.51-1.92; P > 0.05), and COVID-19 positivity did not increase the levels of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies.
CONCLUSIONS: The general population in this region had a moderate seroprevalence of T. gondii. The increased number of COVID-19-positive patients with latent toxoplasmosis highlights the need to pay attention to the early diagnosis and proper treatment of toxoplasmosis in these patients and implement preventive programs in these areas for future possible viral infections.