信使RNA(mRNA)是蛋白质生物合成的模板,正在成为对抗各种疾病的重要活性分子,包括病毒感染和癌症.尤其是,基于mRNA的疫苗,作为一种新型疫苗,在抗击当前新冠肺炎全球大流行方面发挥了主导作用。然而,固有的缺点,包括大尺寸,负电荷,和不稳定性,阻碍其作为治疗剂的使用。脂质载体是mRNA递送的可区分和有前途的载体,拥有封装并将带负电荷的药物递送到目标组织并在所需时间释放货物的能力。这里,首先总结了不同脂质载体的结构和性质,如脂质体,脂质体状纳米颗粒,固体脂质纳米粒,脂质-聚合物混合纳米颗粒,纳米乳液,外泌体和脂蛋白颗粒,以及它们在传递mRNA中的应用。然后,讨论并强调了基于脂质的制剂作为疫苗递送系统的发展.强调了COVID-19mRNA疫苗的最新进展。最后,我们描述了我们在这一领域的未来愿景和观点。
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the template for protein biosynthesis and is emerging as an essential active molecule to combat various diseases, including viral infection and cancer. Especially, mRNA-based vaccines, as a new type of vaccine, have played a leading role in fighting against the current global pandemic of COVID-19. However, the inherent drawbacks, including large size, negative charge, and instability, hinder its use as a therapeutic agent. Lipid carriers are distinguishable and promising vehicles for mRNA delivery, owning the capacity to encapsulate and deliver negatively charged drugs to the targeted tissues and release cargoes at the desired time. Here, we first summarized the structure and properties of different lipid carriers, such as liposomes, liposome-like nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, exosomes and lipoprotein particles, and their applications in delivering mRNA. Then, the development of lipid-based formulations as vaccine delivery systems was discussed and highlighted. Recent advancements in the mRNA vaccine of COVID-19 were emphasized. Finally, we described our future vision and perspectives in this field.