背景:职业安全与健康管理局(OSHA)于2014年实施了一项新标准,要求雇主在事件发生后24小时内报告几乎所有与工作相关的住院患者。我们检查了报告的受伤工人的特征以及密歇根州雇主对法规的遵守情况。
方法:从2016年到2018年,我们比较了来自两个独立数据集的急性非机动车工伤和疾病的报告。雇主向OSHA和密歇根州多源伤害和疾病监测系统(MMSIISS)报告,该系统从密歇根州的134家医院收集受伤工人的医院记录。我们将雇主报告到OSHA的记录与MMSIISS按员工的名字和姓氏进行匹配,公司名称,受伤/患病日期,伤害/疾病的类型。
结果:我们确定了2016年至2018年在密歇根州因严重伤害/疾病住院的2887名工人;雇主向OSHA报告了1260名工人,医院向MMSIISS报告了2238名工人。在两个系统中报告了611名工人的重叠,雇主仅向OSHA报告了649名工人,而医院仅向MMSIISS报告了1627名工人。在过去的3年中,雇主对法规的遵守情况没有显着增加;从42.0%到43.6%到45.0%。骨折是最常见的损伤类型(1238,42.9%),然后头部受伤,包括颅骨骨折(470,16.3%)。平均住院时间为3天。制造业(709,25.5%)和建筑业(563,20.3%),住院人数最多。雇主向OSHA报告的病例大大低估了农业中的住院工人,林业,钓鱼,和狩猎;建筑;金融和保险;房地产和租赁和租赁;行政和支持以及废物管理和补救服务;艺术,娱乐,和娱乐;住宿和食品服务;以及除公共管理外的其他服务。拥有250名或更多员工的公司更有可能遵守报告规则,而拥有10名或更少员工的小公司则不太可能遵守报告规则。在发生住院的465个工作场所进行的执法检查导致罚款1,017,835美元,并确定了608起违规行为。在465次检查中,246名(52.9%)的雇主在检查前没有纠正危险。
结论:这项研究发现,工人在工作中遭受了严重的伤害和疾病,超过一半的工人遭受伤害/疾病导致住院的公司不符合OSHA的报告规定。此外,在检查1-5个月后,50%的公司没有纠正导致住院的危险。改善导致住院的工伤/疾病的报告将确定工作场所中更多的持续危险,并改善预防行动的重点。
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) implemented a new standard in 2014 requiring employers to report nearly all work-related inpatient hospitalizations within 24 h of the event. We examined the characteristics of the injured workers who were reported and the compliance of Michigan employers with the regulation.
From 2016 to 2018, we compared reports of acute nonmotor-vehicle work-related injuries and illnesses from two independent datasets, employer reports to OSHA and the Michigan Multi-Source Injury and Illness Surveillance System (MMSIISS) which collects injured worker hospital records from the 134 hospitals in Michigan. We matched records from employer reports to OSHA with the MMSIISS by employee\'s first and last name, company name, date of injury/illness, and type of injury/illness.
We identified 2887 workers hospitalized with severe injuries/illnesses from 2016 to 2018 in Michigan; 1260 workers were reported by employers to OSHA and 2238 workers were reported by hospitals to the MMSIISS. There was an overlap of 611 workers reported in both systems, while 649 workers were only reported by employers to OSHA and 1627 workers were only reported by hospitals to the MMSIISS. Employer compliance with the regulation over the 3 years showed a nonsignificant increase; from 42.0% to 43.6% to 45.0%. Fractures were the most frequent type of injury (1238, 42.9%), then head injuries, including skull fractures (470, 16.3%). The median length of hospital stay was 3 days. Manufacturing (709, 25.5%) and construction (563, 20.3%), accounted for the greatest number of hospitalizations. Employer-reported cases to OSHA significantly undercounted hospitalized workers in agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting; construction; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; administrative and support and waste management and remediation services; arts, entertainment, and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services except public administration. Companies with 250 or more employees were significantly more likely to comply and small companies with 10 or fewer employees were significantly less likely to comply with the reporting rule. Enforcement inspections at 465 of the workplaces where a hospitalization had occurred resulted in $1,017,835 in fines and identified 608 violations. Of the 465 inspections, 246 (52.9%) of the employers had not corrected the hazard before the inspection.
This study identified that workers sustained severe injuries and illnesses on the job and that over half of the companies where a worker suffered an injury/illness leading to hospitalization were not in compliance with OSHA\'s reporting regulation. Furthermore, at the time of an inspection 1-5 months later, 50% of the companies had not corrected the hazard causing the hospitalization. Improvement in the reporting of work-related injuries/illnesses that result in hospitalization will identify more ongoing hazards in the workplace and improve where to focus preventive actions.