目的:本研究评估了巴西背景下护理课程的变化和挑战,专注于解决当代职业和社会需求。
方法:进行了系统文献综述(SLR),以确定和分析巴西护理课程随时间的变化。
方法:从Scopus和WebofScience数据库中选择了1987年至2023年之间发表的文章进行系统评价。
方法:采用混合审查方法,整合系统文献综述(SLR),文献计量学,和元叙事。本研究遵循SPAR-4-SLR(系统文献审查的科学程序和基本原理)方案,涉及三个主要阶段:(I)聚合,(ii)组织,(三)评价。分析主要集中在确定新趋势和评估课程的变化在指定的时间框架。
结果:对选定文献的分析确定了在审查期间出现的四个主要主题组:(i)纵向课程评估,(ii)生物和健康科学,(三)人文社会科学,和(iv)护理科学。值得注意的趋势包括整合新兴主题,如心理健康和暴力受害者护理,加上对转型和基于能力的教育的重视显着增加。然而,在现有文献中观察到显著的差距,特别是关于学生和应届毕业生缺乏观点,以及对课程结构中漏洞的有限研究。
结论:本研究强调了有效解决巴西不同地区和社会现实的灵活和适应性护理课程的必要性。它强调了采用整体和包容性方法进行护理教育的重要性,在一个以广泛的文化多样性和广阔的地理维度为特征的国家,准备专业人员应对当代健康挑战。学生和应届毕业生的进一步研究和投入对于纠正差距并确保巴西护理教育的不断发展是必不可少的。
This study assesses changes and challenges within the nursing curriculum in the Brazilian context, focusing on addressing contemporary professional and societal demands.
A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify and analyze the changes in Brazil\'s nursing curricula over time.
Articles published between 1987 and 2023 were selected from Scopus and Web of Science databases for the systematic review.
A hybrid review approach was employed, integrating Systematic Literature Review (SLR), Bibliometrics, and metanarrative. The study adhered to the SPAR-4-SLR (Scientific Procedures and Rationale for Systematic Literature Reviews) protocol, involving three main stages: (i) aggregation, (ii) organization, and (iii) evaluation. The analysis primarily focused on identifying emerging trends and evaluating curricular changes over the specified timeframe.
Analysis of the selected literature identified four principal thematic groups that emerged during the review period: (i) longitudinal curriculum assessment, (ii) biological and health sciences, (iii) human and social sciences, and (iv) nursing sciences. Noteworthy trends included the integration of emerging topics like mental health and care for victims of violence, coupled with a notable increase in emphasis on transformative and competency-based education. Nevertheless, significant gaps were observed in the existing literature, particularly concerning the absence of perspectives from students and recent graduates and limited research on vulnerabilities within the curriculum structure.
This study underscores the imperative for flexible and adaptable nursing curricula that effectively address Brazil\'s diverse regional and social realities. It emphasizes the significance of adopting a holistic and inclusive approach to nursing education, preparing professionals to confront contemporary health challenges in a nation characterized by extensive cultural diversity and vast geographical dimensions. Further research and input from students and recent graduates are indispensable to rectify the gaps and ensure the continuous evolution of nursing education in Brazil.