The present study focused on identifying knowledge gaps in scientific literature for developmental anatomy and future fetal-programming researches on goats. The aim of this study was to observe the sequential growth and the development of the intestine from stage of formation of preliminary digestive tube to the differentiation of various segments during early prenatal life in Indian goats. The developing digestive tube was first witnessed on the 23rd day of gestation histologically and from 25 days of gestation onwards, it became observable grossly under stereozoom microscope. The further stages of developing intestine rotation, herniation and coiling and re-entry stages were noticed on the 38th day, 41st day and 48th day of gestation, respectively. The first demarcation between small and large intestines in the form of cecal bulge was recorded at 41st day of gestation. On the 45th day of gestation, all the segments of intestine that is, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon and rectum were well demarcated. Microscopically, the wall of the digestive tube was composed of three layers; lamina epithelialis, pleuripotent blastemic tissue and the mesothelium in between 23 and 39 days of gestation. At 41st day of gestation, the blastemic tissue showed distinct separation into lamina propria-submucosa and tunica muscularis. Among connective tissue fibres only reticular fibres were observable in this study. The histochemical localisation of polysaccharides, bound lipids and alkaline phosphatase enzyme showed mild to moderate reaction. The reaction for acid phosphatase enzyme could not be observed or was absent in this study.

Ectodermal dysplasia represents a group of inherited conditions in which two or more ectodermally derived anatomical structures fail to develop resulting in most notably anhidrosis/hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis and hypodontia. It is a xlinked recessive disorder with male predominance. We report a classical case in a 17-year-old male with emphasis on review of literature and latest updates.

The current study was conducted to assess whether a single administration of 5-bromo-2\'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) interferes with cell proliferation and leads to the activation of apoptotic cellular events in the prenatal cerebellum. BrdU effects across a wide range of doses (25-300 μg/g b.w.) were analyzed using immunohistochemical and ultrastructural procedures. The pregnant rats were injected with BrdU at embryonic day 13, and their fetuses were sacrificed from 5 to 35 hr after exposure. The quantification of several parameters such as the density of mitotic figures, and BrdU and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-reactive cells showed that, in comparison with the saline injected rats, the administration of BrdU impairs the proliferative behavior of neuroepithelial cells. The above-mentioned parameters were significantly reduced in rats injected with 100 μg/g b.w. of BrdU. The reduction was more evident using 200 μg/g b.w. The most severe effects were found with 300 μg/g b.w. of BrdU. The present findings also revealed that high doses of BrdU lead to the activation of apoptotic cellular events as evidenced by both terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunohistochemistry for active caspase-3. In comparison with saline rats, many apoptotic cells were found in rats injected with 100 μg/g b.w. of BrdU. The number of dying cells increased with 200 μg/g b.w. The most important number of apoptotic cells were observed in animals injected with 300 μg/g b.w. of BrdU. Ultrastructural studies confirmed the presence of neuroblasts at different stages of apoptosis.