未经评估:老龄化既是人均预期寿命提高和社会进步的标志,也是对社会的挑战。由于生理功能的下降,患病率显著增加,导致医疗保健需求的上升,生活护理和其他老年人护理。随着人口老龄化的叠加影响,晚期衰老,空巢家庭和传统养老功能的弱化,空巢老人的养老问题,老年人和残疾人问题日益突出,成为社会各界关注的焦点。作为养老服务体系的重要补充,机构护理,与家庭护理一起,社区护理和农村护理,是相辅相成的。
UNASSIGNED:该研究建立了2010-2016年276个城市城乡养老机构的面板数据库,并采用综合测量方法揭示了中国城乡养老机构的时空变化。
未经批准:首先,在空间格局方面,城市地区养老机构的总体得分显示出沿海地区得分高于内陆地区的“双高”空间格局,城市地区的分数高于农村地区。从二级指标得分的差异来看,东部城市地区的设施建设和养老机构护理人员指标得分高于农村地区,而东部农村地区的养老机构服务对象指标得分高于城市。第二,就时间变化而言,中国养老机构的发展演变过程中存在明显的“城市进步和农村回归”。第三,在时空演变方面,我国城乡养老机构综合得分存在明显的空间自相关,养老机构综合得分的空间自相关呈现聚类模式。
UNASSIGNED:入住养老机构的老年人有限的支付能力与巨大的养老服务需求之间的矛盾,势必影响城乡公办养老机构发展的可持续性。由于历史因素,我国养老机构市场化起步较晚,养老机构市场化程度不高。随着人口老龄化,我国养老机构已经开始从福利性的事业单位向具有一定市场机制的事业单位转变,但是整体的转变是缓慢的,导致养老机构的服务保障体系远远落后于老年人的实际需求。养老机构的长远发展必须引入市场机制,增强养老机构的内生动力,正确处理养老服务公平与效率的关系,提高专业水平,养老人员的收入和待遇,同时弥补养老机构发展不足和空间布局不足,不断提高养老机构的服务质量。
Aging is both a sign of rising life expectancy per capita and social progress, and a challenge for society. Due to the decline in physiological functions, the rate of illness has increased significantly, leading to a rise in demand for healthcare, life care and other elderly care. With the overlapping impact of an aging population, advanced aging, empty nesting families and the weakening of traditional elderly care functions, the issue of elderly care for the empty nesters, the elderly alone and the disabled has become more prominent and has become a focal point of concern for all sectors of society. As an important supplement to the elderly care service system, institutional care, together with home care, community care and rural care, are mutually complementary.
The study establishes a panel database of urban and rural elderly-care institutions in 276 cities from 2010 to 2016, and uses comprehensive measurements to reveal the spatial-temporal changes of urban and rural elderly care institutions in China.
First, in terms of spatial pattern, the overall score of elderly care institutions in urban areas shows a \"double-high\" spatial pattern of higher scores in coastal areas than inland areas, and higher scores in urban areas than in rural areas. In terms of the differences in the scores of secondary indicators, the eastern urban areas have higher scores than the rural areas for the indicators of facilities construction and nursing staff of elderly institutions, while the eastern rural areas have higher scores than their urban counterparts for the indicators of service recipients of elderly institutions. Second, in terms of temporal change, there is a clear \"urban progress and rural regression\" in the evolution of China\'s elderly care institutions. Third, in terms of spatial and temporal evolution, there is a clear spatial autocorrelation in the composite scores of urban and rural elderly care institutions in China, and the spatial autocorrelation of the composite scores of elderly care institutions shows a clustering pattern.
The contradiction between the limited ability to pay of the elderly people staying in elderly care institutions and the huge demand for elderly care services is bound to affect the sustainability of the development of public elderly care institutions in both urban and rural areas. Due to historical factors, the marketisation of elderly care institutions in China started late and the marketisation of elderly care is not high. As the population ages, China\'s elderly-care institutions have begun to transform from public institutions of a welfare nature to those with some market mechanisms, but the overall transformation has been slow, resulting in the service guarantee system of elderly-care institutions lagging far behind the actual needs of the elderly. The long-term development of elderly care institutions must introduce market mechanisms, enhance the endogenous dynamics of elderly care institutions, correctly handle the relationship between fairness and efficiency of elderly care services, and improve the professionalism, income and treatment of elderly care staff while compensating for the lack of development of elderly care institutions and the inadequate layout of space, so as to continuously improve the service quality of elderly care institutions.