钛及其合金,特别是Ti-6Al-4V,在种植学中被广泛研究,因为它们具有良好的特性。然而,挑战依然存在,如高弹性模量和对细胞毒性的关注。为了解决这些问题,研究重点是β型钛合金,其中掺入了Mo等元素,Nb,Sn,和Ta以改善耐腐蚀性并获得与骨相容的较低弹性模量。这篇综述全面考察了当前的β钛合金,评估它们的机械性能,特别是弹性模量,和耐腐蚀性。为此,进行了系统的文献检索,其中81篇文章被发现评估这些结果。此外,这篇综述还涵盖了合金的形成,电弧熔化等加工方法,和它的物理,机械,电化学,摩擦学,和生物学特征。由于β-Ti合金与其他金属合金相比,具有更接近人骨的弹性模量,它们有助于减少压力屏蔽。这是重要的,因为该合金通过具有更类似于骨的弹性模量而允许更均匀的力分布。此外,这些合金由于形成贵金属氧化钛层而表现出良好的耐腐蚀性,通过加入β稳定剂促进。这些合金还显示出机械强度和硬度的显著改善。最后,它们还具有较低的细胞毒性和细菌粘附力,取决于所使用的β稳定剂。然而,存在持续的挑战,需要在关键领域进行详细的研究,例如优化合金的成分,以在不同的临床应用中达到最佳性能。此外,研究植入物对人体的长期影响,推进尖端制造技术的发展,以保证植入物的质量和生物相容性至关重要。
Titanium and its alloys, especially Ti-6Al-4V, are widely studied in implantology for their favorable characteristics. However, challenges remain, such as the high modulus of elasticity and concerns about cytotoxicity. To resolve these issues, research focuses on β-type titanium alloys that incorporate elements such as Mo, Nb, Sn, and Ta to improve corrosion resistance and obtain a lower modulus of elasticity compatible with bone. This review comprehensively examines current β titanium alloys, evaluating their mechanical properties, in particular the modulus of elasticity, and corrosion resistance. To this end, a systematic literature search was carried out, where 81 articles were found to evaluate these outcomes. In addition, this review also covers the formation of the alloy, processing methods such as arc melting, and its physical, mechanical, electrochemical, tribological, and biological characteristics. Because β-Ti alloys have a modulus of elasticity closer to that of human bone compared to other metal alloys, they help reduce stress shielding. This is important because the alloy allows for a more even distribution of forces by having a modulus of elasticity more similar to that of bone. In addition, these alloys show good corrosion resistance due to the formation of a noble titanium oxide layer, facilitated by the incorporation of β stabilizers. These alloys also show significant improvements in mechanical strength and hardness. Finally, they also have lower cytotoxicity and bacterial adhesion, depending on the β stabilizer used. However, there are persistent challenges that require detailed research in critical areas, such as optimizing the composition of the alloy to achieve optimal properties in different clinical applications. In addition, it is crucial to study the long-term effects of implants on the human body and to advance the development of cutting-edge manufacturing techniques to guarantee the quality and biocompatibility of implants.