背景:心血管疾病(CVDs)仍然是全球主要的健康问题,需要超越传统因素的高级风险评估。早期血管老化(EVA),以加速的血管变化为特征,在心血管风险评估中获得了重要性。
方法:西班牙的EVasCu研究使用非侵入性测量检查了390名健康参与者。四个变量的构造(脉压,脉搏波速度,糖化血红蛋白,高级糖基化终产物)用于聚类。主成分分析的K均值聚类揭示了两个聚类,健康血管老化(HVA)和早期血管老化(EVA)。外部验证变量包括社会人口统计学,肥胖,血糖,炎症,血脂谱,血管,和血压因素。
结果:EVA集群参与者年龄较大,肥胖程度较高,血糖控制较差,血脂异常,改变了血管特性,和更高的血压。观察到年龄的显着差异,吸烟状况,身体质量指数,腰围,脂肪百分比,葡萄糖,胰岛素,C反应蛋白,糖尿病患病率,脂质分布,动脉僵硬度,和血压水平。这些发现证明了传统心血管危险因素与EVA之间的关联。
结论:本研究验证了EVA的聚类模型,并强调了其与既定风险因素的关联。EVA评估可以融入临床实践,允许早期干预和个性化心血管风险管理。
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major global health concern, necessitating advanced risk assessment beyond traditional factors. Early vascular aging (EVA), characterized by accelerated vascular changes, has gained importance in cardiovascular risk assessment.
The EVasCu study in Spain examined 390 healthy participants using noninvasive measurements. A construct of four variables (Pulse Pressure, Pulse Wave Velocity, Glycated Hemoglobin, Advanced Glycation End Products) was used for clustering. K-means clustering with principal component analysis revealed two clusters, healthy vascular aging (HVA) and early vascular aging (EVA). External validation variables included sociodemographic, adiposity, glycemic, inflammatory, lipid profile, vascular, and blood pressure factors.
EVA cluster participants were older and exhibited higher adiposity, poorer glycemic control, dyslipidemia, altered vascular properties, and higher blood pressure. Significant differences were observed for age, smoking status, body mass index, waist circumference, fat percentage, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, diabetes prevalence, lipid profiles, arterial stiffness, and blood pressure levels. These findings demonstrate the association between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and EVA.
This study validates a clustering model for EVA and highlights its association with established risk factors. EVA assessment can be integrated into clinical practice, allowing early intervention and personalized cardiovascular risk management.