了解和管理环境因素对于良好的鹌鹑生产和福利至关重要。阻碍鹌鹑生产力的最重要的环境压力因素之一是热应力。本研究旨在评估在胚胎发育早期暴露于短期高温后,用甜菜碱喷洒日本鹌鹑(Coturnixcoturnixjaponica)卵对鹌鹑孵化前后性能的影响。总共750个鸡蛋平均分为两组。第一组的鸡蛋在正常孵育温度(37.5°C/NIT)下孵育,而第二组从孵育的第4-6天起,每天在高孵育温度(39.0°C/HIT)下孵育3小时。两组的鸡蛋都接受了五次治疗,NC(阴性对照),PC喷洒蒸馏水(阳性对照),B0.5、B1和B2处理用补充有500、1000和2000mg甜菜碱/L的蒸馏水喷洒,分别。舱口的小鸡体重,屠宰重量,HIT处理明显损害了第一个鸡蛋的重量。HIT组显示泄殖腔温度显着升高,H/L比,肝酶,甘油三酯,胆固醇和孵化率显著下降,T3激素,和血液蛋白水平高于NIT组。关于甜菜碱的影响,胚胎死亡率,孵化率,孵出的小鸡体重,与对照组相比,用1000或2000mg甜菜碱/L治疗组的输卵管百分比显着提高。此外,与未处理组相比,以1000或2000mg/L的剂量喷洒甜菜碱可显着增加血液蛋白和三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)激素水平,并显着降低肝酶水平和总饲料消耗量。HIT组鹌鹑右心室/总心室比值(RV/TV)显著增高,而甜菜碱治疗显著降低这一比例。考虑到这些结果,强烈建议在鸡蛋上喷洒甜菜碱2000mg/L可以优化日本鹌鹑的性能。
It is essential to understand and manage environmental factors for good quail production and welfare. One of the most important environmental stressors that hinder quail productivity is heat stress. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of spraying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs with betaine after exposure to short-term high temperature during early embryogenesis on pre and post-hatch performance of quail. A total of 750 eggs were equally divided into two groups. Eggs in the first group were incubated at normal incubation temperature (37.5 °C/NIT), while those in the second group were incubated at high incubation temperature (39.0 °C/HIT) for 3 h daily from day 4-6 of incubation. Eggs in both groups were subjected to five treatments, NC (negative control), PC sprayed distilled water (positive control), while B0.5, B1, and B2 treatments were sprayed with distilled water supplemented with 500, 1000, and 2000 mg betaine/L, respectively. The chick weight at hatch, slaughter weight, and first egg weight was significantly impaired by the HIT treatment. The HIT group revealed a significant increase in cloacal temperature, H/L ratio, liver enzymes, triglyceride, and cholesterol and a significant decrease in hatchability, T3 hormone, and blood protein levels than the NIT group. Regarding betaine effects, the embryonic mortality rates, hatchability, hatched chick weight, and oviduct percentage in groups treated with 1000 or 2000 mg betaine/L were significantly improved compared with the control. Also, spraying betaine at 1000 or 2000 mg/L significantly increased blood protein and triiodothyronine (T3) hormone levels and significantly decrease liver enzyme levels and total feed consumption compared with the untreated group. The right/total ventricle ratio (RV/TV) of quail in HIT group was significantly increased, while betaine treatment significantly decreased this ratio. Considering these results, it is strongly suggested that spraying of betaine on eggs at 2000 mg/L optimizes Japanese quail performance.