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OBJECTIVE: To measure changes over time (between 2017 and 2023) in disposable e-cigarette use and popular brands among youth in Canada, England and the United States (US) who vaped.
METHODS: Nine waves of repeat cross-sectional data from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC) Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey.
METHODS: Online surveys conducted in Canada, England and the US between 2017 and 2023.
METHODS: Youth aged 16 to 19 years who had vaped in the past 30 days (n = 19 710).
METHODS: Usual type (disposable, cartridge/pod, tank) and brand of e-cigarette used; covariates sex at birth, age, race/ethnicity, cigarette smoking status, vaping on ≥20 of the past 30 days.
RESULTS: In 2017, the majority of youth who vaped in the past 30 days reported using refillable tank e-cigarettes, whereas disposable e-cigarettes were the least commonly used product type in Canada (10.0%), England (8.6%) and the US (14.4%). Cartridge/pods overtook tank devices in Canada and the US by 2020; however, by 2023, disposables were the leading type of e-cigarette used by youth who vaped in all three countries (Canada = 58.5%; England = 83.2%; US = 67.3%). The shift to disposables occurred among all socio-demographic groups, with few differences by vaping and smoking status. The percentage of youth who vaped that reported \'no usual\' brand also decreased substantially from 2017 (29% to 42%) to 2023 (11% to 17%). The rise of disposable e-cigarettes appeared to be driven primarily by individual brands in the US (Puff Bar in 2020/2021, Elf Bar in 2022/2023) and England (Elf Bar in 2022/2023).
CONCLUSIONS: The e-cigarette market has evolved rapidly with notable shifts in the types of e-cigarettes used by youth who vape in Canada, England and the United States. Although the timing differed across countries, major shifts in device types appear to be driven by individual brands and were often accompanied by increases in vaping prevalence among youth.

OBJECTIVE: Youth use of disposable vapes has increased markedly in the United Kingdom in recent years, yet little is known about the motivations, experiences and perceptions of young people themselves. This study aimed to explore young people\'s experiences and use of disposable vapes.
METHODS: This was a qualitative study recruiting young people reporting regularly vaping disposables, collecting data via dyad guided, individual and group interviews. Data analysis was theoretically informed by the Social Ecological Model. Inductive and deductive coding approaches were used, with resolution of coded interpretations by consensus.
RESULTS: Twenty-nine young people aged 16-20 years participated in qualitative interviews. At the individual level, participants discussed how characteristics of disposable vapes were important to them-particularly price, accessibility and the attractive designs, colours, names and flavours. Young people frequently engaged in both vaping and tobacco smoking, seeing the behaviours as interchangeable dependent on context, and having inaccurate relative harm perceptions of vaping compared with smoking. Experimentation was widespread and many used vapes as a way of managing stress and anxiety. Vaping was positioned as a social behaviour, common among peers. Parental influence on vaping behaviour was minimal, although vaping initiation could be influenced by family vaping norms. Culturally, vaping was a widespread normalized behaviour. Young people were aware of media reports and potential harms, but were less aware of smoking related harms as a consequence.
CONCLUSIONS: Disposable vapes appear to be attractive and accessible to young people in the United Kingdom. Vaping is normalized in this population, despite being seen as potentially damaging to health, and vaping and smoking are engaged in interchangeably. Underage sales of vapes are reportedly widespread. Strict regulation, such as banning products or increasing prices, may prompt UK youth to switch from vaping to smoking.

OBJECTIVE: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are an efficacious support for some but not all people wishing to stop using tobacco. While advice and practical support have been identified as increasing quit success, little research has explored the role of changes in smoking and EC-related social identities.
METHODS: A prospective study following 573 people attempting to quit smoking with EC support. Self-report measures of identification with being a smoker, non-smoker, vaper and dual user (people using ECs and tobacco products) were taken prior to the quit attempt and at a 12-week follow-up.
RESULTS: Baseline identifications with being a smoker, non-smoker or dual user were not associated with smoking outcomes. Baseline vaper identity baseline was linked to more frequent tobacco abstinence at follow-up and lower levels of cigarette smoking. Levels of social identification at follow-up were consistently linked with outcomes, with vaper identity and non-smoking identities being protective and dual user identity being related to lower abstinence rates but decreased tobacco usage. Changes in identity over time were the most consistent predictor of outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings have implications for smoking cessation practice, informing how and when identity-based interventions may be effective and our understanding of how identity transitions occur.

The ability of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) to deliver nicotine is central to their function to substitute for cigarettes, allowing people who smoke to switch away from smoking, thus reducing their exposure to harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke. The nicotine concentration in ENDS e-liquid has proved to be a poor predictor of nicotine uptake in users. Using meta-analytic methods to analyze 12 pharmacokinetic studies of nicotine-salt closed-system ENDS, this paper examines whether the mass of nicotine/puff of aerosol can predict Cmax in pharmacokinetic studies. Cmax values were available for 38 products, in 58 use conditions (including both controlled [3 s] and ad libitum puffing), comprising 1769 participant observations. Nicotine/puff data reflected chemical analyses of aerosol obtained under nonintense (3 s) or intense (6 s) machine puffing. Meta-regression analyses (weighted by reliability of Cmax estimate) assessed the relationship of nicotine/puff to Cmax. In some models, empirical data were used to impute the variation in Cmax or the nicotine/puff value under intense puffing. In simple linear models, Cmax was significantly associated with nicotine/puff under all combinations of intense/nonintense and controlled/ad-libitum conditions, with R2 values of 0.71-0.77. More complex models based on quadratic effects or log[nicotine/puff] did not generally improve upon more parsimonious linear models. Application of the model illustrates the divergence between nicotine concentration in e-liquids and expected Cmax when other ENDS parameters vary. The meta-analytic model may have utility in settings where clinical pharmacokinetic data are not available, including product development.

OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes lifelong physical and psychological dysfunction in affected individuals. The current study investigated the effects of chronic nicotine exposure via E-cigarettes (E-cig) (vaping) on TBI-associated behavioural and biochemical changes.
METHODS: Adult C57/BL6J male mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) followed by daily exposure to E-cig vapour for 6 weeks. Sensorimotor functions, locomotion, and sociability were subsequently evaluated by nesting, open field, and social approach tests, respectively. Immunoblots were conducted to examine the expression of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) and associated downstream proteins (p-Erk, p-Akt). Histological analyses were performed to evaluate neuronal survival and neuroinflammation.
RESULTS: Post-injury chronic nicotine exposure significantly improved nesting performance in CCI mice. Histological analysis revealed increased survival of cortical neurons in the perilesion cortex with chronic nicotine exposure. Immunoblots revealed that chronic nicotine exposure significantly up-regulated mBDNF, p-Erk and p-Akt expression in the perilesion cortex of CCI mice. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that elevated mBDNF and p-Akt expression were mainly localized within cortical neurons. Immunolabelling of Iba1 demonstrated that chronic nicotine exposure attenuated microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
CONCLUSIONS: Post-injury chronic nicotine exposure via vaping facilitates recovery of sensorimotor function by upregulating neuroprotective mBDNF/TrkB/Akt/Erk signalling. These findings suggest potential neuroprotective properties of nicotine despite its highly addictive nature. Thus, understanding the multifaceted effects of chronic nicotine exposure on TBI-associated symptoms is crucial for paving the way for informed and properly managed therapeutic interventions.

The prevalence of youth vaping has, in a relatively short time, become an \"epidemic.\" In the wake of such labeling by the Surgeon General, a number of important examinations of vaping have been conducted. These have largely focused on high school and college-age youth as this demographic shows the greatest prevalence of use. Nonetheless, no measure has been made available which might allow for the comprehensive assessment of quantity and frequency of vaping among this age group, thus aiding in standardization across settings. The current study utilized cognitive interviews with high school and college-age youth who use vaping devices to inform the preliminary development of such an assessment. The sample consists of eight students between the ages of 15 and 24 (Mage = 18.75, SD = 2.73, 62.5% female, 75.0% Hispanic/Latino/a/x, 100.0% White). Interviewing and measure refinement were conducted in a two-phase iterative fashion. Suggestions made during cognitive interviews resulted in the refinement of assessed content type, updated categories and pictures of vaping devices, as well as updated and age-relevant terminology. Further, instructions were streamlined, and assessment items and multiple-choice options were refined to maximize clarity and to minimize participant confusion. The result of this study, the E-Cigarette Assessment for Youth Revised, is a unique tool for standardizing examinations of the quantity and frequency of vaping behaviors among high school students and college-age youth.

UNASSIGNED: E-cigarettes will continue to be a public health issue in Nigeria. To curb the growing menace of the e-cigarette use in Nigeria through evidence-based approach, it is crucial to first map the empirical research landscape of e-cigarettes in Nigeria. No known study has mapped the existing empirical evidence and gaps concerning e-cigarettes in Nigeria; hence, this scoping review was conducted.
UNASSIGNED: This scoping review adopted the research design by Arksey and O\'Malley. Four databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete, and APA PsycINFO) were searched to retrieve literature on e-cigarettes in Nigeria. With the aid of Rayyan web application, all retrieved literature were deduplicated and screened based on the review\'s eligibility criteria. Only those peer-reviewed journal papers meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Relevant data from the included papers were charted, collated, and summarized.
UNASSIGNED: A total of six papers were included in this review. The reviewed papers reported a lifetime prevalence of e-cigarette use (or vaping) ranging from 5.8% to 19.8%, with a current e-cigarette use prevalence of 11.8%, among different population groups in Nigeria. The major determinants of e-cigarette use, as reported in these articles, include being a youth, having a health condition, severe anxiety, tobacco use, peer influence, and current alcohol use. Dry mouth and oral lesions (gingival inflammation and oral ulcers) were also identified to be the medical conditions associated with e-cigarette use in Nigeria. Lastly, one of the included papers identified a lack of clear regulation on e-cigarettes in Nigeria.
UNASSIGNED: There is an urgent need for more scientific investigations on the sociodemographic, economic, health, and regulatory landscape of e-cigarettes in Nigeria, as robust empirical evidence is needed for the effective planning, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based policies and interventions on e-cigarettes control and regulation in Nigeria.

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