The challenges of IT adoption in the healthcare sector have generated much interest across a range of research communities, including Information Systems (IS) and Health Informatics (HI). Given their long-standing interest in IT design, development, implementation, and adoption to improve productivity and support organisational transformation, the IS and HI fields are highly correlated in their research interests. Nevertheless, the two fields serve different academic audiences, have different research foci, and theorise IT artifacts differently. We investigate the dyadic relationship between health information systems (HIS) research in IS and HI through the communication patterns between the two fields. We present the citation analysis results of HIS research published in IS and HI journals between 2000 and 2020. The results revealed that despite the two fields sharing a common interest, communication between them is limited and only about specific topics. Potentially relevant ideas and theories generated in IS have not yet been sufficiently recognised by HI scholars and incorporated into the HI literature. However, the upward trend of HIS publications in IS indicates that IS has the potential to contribute more to HI.

There are a growing number of early-phase (i.e., Stage I, NIH Stage Model) interventions targeted at family care dyads navigating chronic health conditions in older adults. Currently, the benefits of these interventions are often evaluated for older adults and their family care partners separately, even when controlling for interdependence. Without understanding the benefits (and potential harms) for dyads as a whole, understanding of program impact is incomplete. Moreover, few health behavior interventions involving dyads include relational measures to ensure no unintended consequences for the dyad or account for within-dyad pretest risk level.
We used secondary data from a quasi-experimental trial involving 39 couples in which 1 member of the dyad was living with Parkinson\'s disease as an exemplar demonstration of 3 proposed approaches: an above-zero approach, a pretest risk status approach, and an expanded pattern analysis matrix approach.
Approaches provided evidence for dyadic benefits of the intervention compared to the wait-list comparison condition, but carried different assumptions that did not always categorize dyads similarly.
Implications of using each approach and selecting different benchmarks for defining success are discussed. The descriptive approaches proposed, provide a rationale for more intentional evaluation of small-sample, early-phase dyadic interventions.

(1) Background: Very little is known about the inner therapeutic processes of psychotherapy interventions for patients suffering from treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Avatar therapy (AT) is one such modalities in which the patient is undergoing immersive sessions in which they interact with an Avatar representing their main persistent auditory verbal hallucination. The aim of this study is to identify the most prevalent dyadic interactions between the patient and the Avatar in AT for patient\'s suffering from TRS. (2) Methods: A content analysis of 256 verbatims originating from 32 patients who completed AT between 2017 and 2022 at the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal was conducted to identify dyadic interactions between the patients and their Avatar. (3) Results: Five key dyads were identified to occur on average more than 10 times for each participant during the immersive sessions across their AT: (Avatar: Reinforcement, Patient: Self-affirmation), (Avatar: Provocation, Patient: Self-affirmation), (Avatar: Coping mechanisms, Patient: Prevention), (Patient: Self-affirmation, Avatar: Reinforcement), and (Patient: Self-appraisal, Avatar: Reinforcement). (4) Conclusion: These dyads offer a first qualitative insight to the interpersonal dynamics and patient-avatar relationships taking place during AT. Future studies on the implication of such dyadic interactions with the therapeutic outcome of AT should be conducted considering the importance of dyadic relationships in psychotherapy.

Intersubjectivity refers to two non-verbal intersubjective relations infants experience during their first year that are precursors to the emergence of words. Trevarthen, a pioneer in the study of intersubjectivity, referred to those relations as primary and secondary intersubjectivity. The former, a dyadic coordination between the infant and her caregiver, begins at birth. The latter, a triadic coordination that develops around 9 months, allows the infant and a caregiver to share attention to particular features of the environment. Secondary intersubjectivity is crucial for an infant\'s ability to begin to produce words, at around 12 months. Much research on the social and cognitive origins of language has focused on secondary intersubjectivity. That is unfortunate because it neglects the fact that secondary intersubjectivity and the emergence of words are built on a foundation of primary intersubjectivity. It also ignores the evolutionary origins of intersubjectivity and its uniquely human status. That unique status explains why only humans learn words. This article seeks to address these issues by relating the literature on primary intersubjectivity, particularly research on bi-directional and contingent communication between infants and mothers, to joint attention and ultimately to words. In that context, we also discuss Hrdy\'s hypothesis about the influence of alloparents on the evolution of intersubjectivity.

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The impact of dementia for communication skills can result in difficulties in social interactions between people with dementia and their conversation partner, as initiating and maintaining conversations becomes increasingly challenging. The role of technology in enhancing social health and participation for people with dementia is increasing, but the use of technological devices to support social interactions and aid communication quality is still in its infancy. The objective of this literature review is to provide a comprehensive description of technology-driven interventions for people with dementia and their conversation partners to prompt communication and facilitate positive social interactions.
A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO, with titles and abstracts independently screened by two researchers. Quality appraisal of the included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.
Of the 18 papers included, the technology most commonly used to facilitate communication and interactions was tablet-computers (n = 7), social robots (n = 5) and computers systems (n = 4). By analyzing the impact of the device(s) for social interaction and communication, four major themes emerged: i) breaking the ice; ii) increased interaction; iii) better understanding of the person with dementia; and iv) reduced pressure for the conversation partner.
While the majority of the included studies are small-scale, they indicate promising findings for the potential of technology to promote interaction in a way that relieves strain on the caregiver, enhances relationships and engages people with dementia in social activities. Rigorous investigation using standard, comparable measurements is needed to demonstrate the effects of technological solutions, as well as to explore and address barriers and potential adverse outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Modern treatment for multiple myeloma (MM) has improved disease control and prolonged survival; thus, maintenance of quality of life (QoL) is considered a great concern for MM patients and their caregivers. The purpose of this study was to identify dyadic associations between stress appraisal and the QoL of patients with MM and their caregivers in Korea.
METHODS: A total of 102 MM patient-caregiver dyads participated in this study. They independently reported their stress appraisal and QoL. The study was guided by a transactional model of stress and coping, and analyzed by using the actor-partner interdependence model.
RESULTS: The results revealed good data adjustment with acceptable indices: χ2  = 6.211 (df = 6), CFI = 0.999, TLI = 0.994, RMSEA = 0.019, and SRMR = 0.043. MM patients\' QoL were significantly correlated with caregivers\' QoL. The stress appraisals of patients and caregivers mutually influenced each other\'s QoL. The patients\' illness perception and the caregivers\' burden were strong predictors for their QoL. The self-efficacy of patients and caregivers was also associated with their QoL.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the way patients and caregivers perceive and respond to stress plays a significant role in their QoL during the treatment experience. Interventions designed to reconstruct negative perspectives and improve self-efficacy may help both patients and caregivers to improve their QoL.

Panic disorder and agoraphobia are both characterized by avoidance behaviors, which are known correlates of treatment discontinuation. The aim of this exploratory study is to distinguish the profile of participants suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia that complete treatment from those who discontinue therapy by assessing four categories of predictor variables: the severity of the disorder, sociodemographic variables, participants\' expectations, and dyadic adjustment. The sample included 77 individuals diagnosed with panic disorder with agoraphobia who completed a series of questionnaires and participated in a cognitive-behavioral group therapy consisting of 14 weekly sessions. Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed the importance of anxiety, prognosis, and role expectations as well as some individual variables as predictors of therapeutic dropout, either before or during treatment. Among the most common reasons given by the 29 participants who discontinued therapy were scheduling conflicts, dissatisfaction with treatment, and conflicts with their marital partner. These results suggest that expectations and dyadic relationships have an impact on therapeutic discontinuation. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

BACKGROUND: Expressed emotion (EE) captures the affective quality of the relationship between family caregivers and their care recipients and is known to increase the risk of poor health outcomes for caregiving dyads. Little is known about expressed emotion in the context of caregiving for persons with dementia, especially in non-Western cultures. The Family Attitude Scale (FAS) is a psychometrically sound self-reporting measure for EE. Its use in the examination of caregiving for patients with dementia has not yet been explored.
OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the FAS (FAS-C) in Chinese caregivers of relatives with dementia, and its validity in predicting severe depressive symptoms among the caregivers.
METHODS: The FAS was translated into Chinese using Brislin\'s model. Two expert panels evaluated the semantic equivalence and content validity of this Chinese version (FAS-C), respectively. A total of 123 Chinese primary caregivers of relatives with dementia were recruited from three elderly community care centers in Hong Kong. The FAS-C was administered with the Chinese versions of the 5-item Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5), the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the Revised Memory and Behavioral Problem Checklist (RMBPC).
RESULTS: The FAS-C had excellent semantic equivalence with the original version and a content validity index of 0.92. Exploratory factor analysis identified a three-factor structure for the FAS-C (hostile acts, criticism and distancing). Cronbach\'s alpha of the FAS-C was 0.92. Pearson\'s correlation indicated that there were significant associations between a higher score on the FAS-C and greater caregiver burden (r=0.66, p<0.001), poorer mental health of the caregivers (r=-0.65, p<0.001) and a higher level of dementia-related symptoms (frequency of symptoms: r=0.45, p<0.001; symptom disturbance: r=0.51, p<0.001), which serves to suggest its construct validity. For detecting severe depressive symptoms of the family caregivers, the receiving operating characteristics (ROC) curve had an area under curve of 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.69-0.87, p<0.0001). The optimal cut-off score was >47 with a sensitivity of 0.720 (95% CI=0.506-0.879) and specificity of 0.742 (95% CI=0.643-0.826).
CONCLUSIONS: The FAS-C is a reliable and valid measure to assess the affective quality of the relationship between Chinese caregivers and their relatives with dementia. It also has acceptable predictability in identifying family caregivers with severe depressive symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to understand the dyadic relationships between family communication and quality of life (QOL) and between coping and QOL in Chinese-American and Korean-American breast cancer survivor (BCS)-family member dyads.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was used. A total of 32 Chinese-American and Korean-American BCS-family member dyads were recruited from the California Cancer Surveillance Program and area hospitals in Los Angeles County, California, USA. The dyadic data were analyzed using a pooled regression actor-partner interdependence model.
RESULTS: The study findings demonstrated that the survivors\' general communication and use of reframing coping positively predicted their own QOL. The survivors\' and family members\' general communication was also a strong predictor of the family members\' physical-related QOL score specifically. Meanwhile, each person\'s use of mobilizing coping negatively predicted his or her partner\'s QOL.
CONCLUSIONS: The study findings add important information to the scarce literature on the QOL of Asian-American survivors of breast cancer. The findings suggest that Chinese-American and Korean-American BCS and their family members may benefit from interventions that enhance communication and coping within the family unit.