人工鱼礁(ARs)因其独特的水动力特性而成为管理者的首选,支持高效的本地生态系统。然而,尚未对自然海洋环境中ARs的水动力学特性进行研究。首次探索海洋环境中沿潮汐循环的AR周围流场的时空特征,这项研究重新定义了AR的上涌和下涌,基于自然的垂直速度,并将上升流分为同向上升流和重新方向上升流,并将下行分为同向下行和重新方向下行。本研究使用MIKE3-FM模拟了珠江口万山ARs地区沿潮汐周期的流场。数值模拟结果表明:(1)同向上流和同向下流是AR垂直流场效应的主要组成部分;(2)中水柱上流和下流的面积之和最大。底部和地表水柱约为1.6和1.03倍,分别,而底部水柱的上流和下流通量之和最大,比中部和地表水柱大大约1.3和2.2倍;(3)上升和下降的面积和体积随着新潮逐渐减少,与当前速度呈显著负相关;而上流通量和下流通量随着新潮逐渐增加;与当前速度呈显著正相关;(4)潮汐对AR的上流和下流的影响是由当前速度的北向速度强迫的,上升和下降的净通量与当前速度的北向速度呈显着正相关(r=0.94)。这些结果可为评估AR的流场效应提供参考,并为AR的配置和管理提供指导。
Artificial reefs (ARs) are a preferred option for managers due to their distinctive hydrodynamic properties, which support a highly productive local ecosystem. However, the hydrodynamics characteristics of ARs in natural marine environments have not been conducted. Being the first to explore the spatiotemporal characteristic of flow fields around ARs along tidal cycles in marine environments, this study redefined the upwelling and
downwelling of ARs, based on natural vertical velocities, and separated the upwelling into co-direction upwelling and re-direction upwelling, and the downwelling into co-direction
downwelling and re-direction
downwelling. This study simulated the flow field in the Wanshan ARs area of the Pearl River Estuary along the tidal cycles using the MIKE3-FM. Numerical simulations revealed that (1) co-direction upwelling and co-direction
downwelling were the dominant components of the vertical flow field effects of ARs; (2) the areas sum of upwelling and
downwelling were largest in the medium water column, with about 1.6 and 1.03 times as large as the bottom and surface water column, respectively, while the fluxes sum of the upwelling and downwelling were largest in bottom water column, with approximately 1.3 and 2.2 times larger than those in the middle and surface water columns; (3) the area and volume of the upwelling and downwelling gradually decreased along neap-spring tide, exhibited significantly negative correlations with current speeds; while the upwelling flux and downwelling flux gradually increased along neap-spring tide; exhibited a significantly positive correlation with current speed; (4) the effects of tide to upwelling and downwelling of AR are forced by the northward velocity of current speed, the net flux of upwelling and
downwelling showed a significant positive correlation with the northward velocity of current speed (r = 0.94). These results could provide a reference for assessing the flow field effect of ARs and a guide for the configuration and management of ARs.