背景:治疗由创伤引起的四肢长骨缺损,感染,肿瘤,骨不连一直是临床骨科医生的挑战。骨运输技术具有治疗骨缺损的潜力。然而,许多研究报道了与骨运输技术相关的不可避免的对接部位并发症。目的探讨接受Ilizarov骨转运技术治疗胫骨骨缺损患者对接部位并发症的相关危险因素。
方法:这项回顾性研究包括2012年10月至2019年10月103例接受骨转运治疗胫骨大骨缺损的患者。患者人口统计数据,我们收集并回顾性分析了至少2年随访后的并发症和临床结局.此外,采用单因素分析和logistic回归分析可能影响Ilizarov骨转运技术治疗胫骨骨缺损患者对接部位并发症发生的因素。在最后一次临床随访时,使用Ilizarov标准研究和应用协会(ASAMI)评估临床结果。
结果:所有103例患者平均随访27.5个月。每例患者的对接部位并发症发生率为0.53,延迟愈合22例(21.4%),19例(18.4%)发生轴向偏离,10例(9.7%)发生软组织嵌顿。根据logistic回归分析的结果,骨缺损长度(P=0.001,OR=1.976),远端1/3骨缺损(P=0.01,OR=1.976)与延迟愈合显着相关。骨缺损长度(P<0.001,OR=1.981)和外固定时间(P=0.012,OR=1.017)与轴偏移显著相关。软组织缺损(P=0.047,OR=6.766)和手术次数(P=0.001,OR=2.920)与软组织嵌顿明显相关。末次随访ASAMI骨评分显示骨优良率95.1%,功能优良率90.3%。
结论:Ilizarov骨转运技术是治疗胫骨骨缺损的一种实用有效的方法。然而,对接部位的并发症发生率很高,其中骨缺损长度,外固定时间,先前操作的数量,软组织缺损和远端1/3的骨缺损与对接部位并发症的发生有统计学意义。
BACKGROUND: Treating long bone defects of the extremities caused by trauma, infection, tumours, and nonunion has been challenging for clinical orthopaedic surgeons. Bone transport techniques have the potential to treat bone defects. However, inevitable docking site complications related to bone transport techniques have been reported in many studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with docking site complications in patients who underwent the Ilizarov bone transport technique for the treatment of tibial bone defects.
METHODS: This retrospective study included 103 patients who underwent bone transport for the treatment of large bone defects in the tibia from October 2012 to October 2019. Patient demographic data, complications and clinical outcomes after a minimum of 2 years of follow-up were collected and retrospectively analysed. Additionally, univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the factors that may affect the development of docking site complications in patients with tibial bone defects treated with the Ilizarov bone transport technique. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Association for the Study and Application of the Ilizarov criteria (ASAMI) at the last clinical follow-up.
RESULTS: All 103 patients with an average follow-up of 27.5 months. The docking site complications rate per patient was 0.53, and delayed union occurred in 22 cases (21.4%), axial deviation occurred in 19 cases (18.4%) and soft tissue incarceration occurred in 10 cases (9.7%). According to the results of the logistic regression analysis, the bone defect length (P = 0.001, OR = 1.976), and bone defect of distal 1/3 (P = 0.01, OR = 1.976) were significantly correlated with delayed union. Bone defect length (P < 0.001, OR = 1.981) and external fixation time (P = 0.012, OR = 1.017) were significantly correlated with axial deviation. Soft tissue defects (P = 0.047, OR = 6.766) and the number of previous operations (P = 0.001, OR = 2.920) were significantly correlated with soft tissue incarceration. The ASAMI bone score at the last follow-up showed a rate of excellent and good bone results of 95.1% and a rate of excellent functional results of 90.3%.
CONCLUSIONS: The Ilizarov bone transport technique is a practical and effective method for the treatment of tibial bone defects. However, the incidence of complications at the docking site is high, of which bone defect length, external fixation time, the number of previous operations, soft tissue defects and the bone defect of distal 1/3 are statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of docking site complications.