背景:脱离抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)护理是HIV感染者无法实现病毒载量抑制的重要原因。
方法:我们搜索了2015年1月至2022年12月的两个数据库和会议摘要,以寻找报告脱离ART护理原因的研究。我们包括在采用“治疗所有”或“选项B+”政策后进行的定量(主要是调查)和定性(深入访谈或焦点小组)研究。我们使用归纳方法对原因进行分类:我们报告研究中报告原因的频率,并为原因开发了概念框架。
结果:我们确定了21项研究,这些研究报告了“全面治疗”时代脱离ART护理的原因,主要在非洲国家:对艾滋病毒感染者的一般人群进行了六项研究,9名孕妇或产后妇女,6名选定人群(吸毒人群各一名,与世隔绝的土著社区,男人,女人,青少年和与男性发生性关系的男性)。报告的原因是:副作用或其他抗逆转录病毒片剂问题(15项研究);缺乏ART的感知益处(13项研究);心理,心理健康或药物使用(13项研究);对耻辱或保密的担忧(14项研究);缺乏社会或家庭支持(12项研究);社会经济原因(16项研究);与医疗机构相关的原因(11项研究);以及急性近端事件,如意外活动(12项研究)。脱离接触的最常见原因是意外事件,社会经济原因,ART副作用或缺乏ART的感知益处。概念上,研究描述了潜在的脆弱性因素(个体,人际关系,结构和医疗保健),但通常意外的近端事件(例如意外的移动性)是脱离接触发生的触发因素。
结论:人们脱离了对个人的ART护理,人际关系,结构和医疗保健原因,这些原因相互重叠和相互作用。虽然艾滋病毒方案无法预测和解决可能导致脱离接触的所有事件,一种认识到这种冲击将会发生的方法可能会有所帮助。
结论:卫生服务应侧重于通过欢迎ART服务来鼓励客户参与护理的方式,以人为本,更灵活,同时提供依从性干预措施,如咨询和同伴支持。
BACKGROUND: Disengagement from antiretroviral therapy (ART) care is an important reason why people living with HIV do not achieve viral load suppression become unwell.
METHODS: We searched two databases and conference abstracts from January 2015 to December 2022 for studies which reported reasons for
disengagement from ART care. We included quantitative (mainly surveys) and qualitative (in-depth interviews or focus groups) studies conducted after \"treat all\" or \"Option B+\" policy adoption. We used an inductive approach to categorize reasons: we report how often reasons were reported in studies and developed a conceptual framework for reasons.
RESULTS: We identified 21 studies which reported reasons for disengaging from ART care in the \"Treat All\" era, mostly in African countries: six studies in the general population of persons living with HIV, nine in pregnant or postpartum women and six in selected populations (one each in people who use drugs, isolated indigenous communities, men, women, adolescents and men who have sex with men). Reasons reported were: side effects or other antiretroviral tablet issues (15 studies); lack of perceived benefit of ART (13 studies); psychological, mental health or drug use (13 studies); concerns about stigma or confidentiality (14 studies); lack of social or family support (12 studies); socio-economic reasons (16 studies); health facility-related reasons (11 studies); and acute proximal events such as unexpected mobility (12 studies). The most common reasons for
disengagement were unexpected events, socio-economic reasons, ART side effects or lack of perceived benefit of ART. Conceptually, studies described underlying vulnerability factors (individual, interpersonal, structural and healthcare) but that often unexpected proximal events (e.g. unanticipated mobility) acted as the trigger for
disengagement to occur.
CONCLUSIONS: People disengage from ART care for individual, interpersonal, structural and healthcare reasons, and these reasons overlap and interact with each other. While HIV programmes cannot predict and address all events that may lead to
disengagement, an approach that recognizes that such shocks will happen could help.
CONCLUSIONS: Health services should focus on ways to encourage clients to engage with care by making ART services welcoming, person-centred and more flexible alongside offering adherence interventions, such as counselling and peer support.