物联网(IoT)正在改变几乎每个行业,包括农业,食品加工,卫生保健,石油和天然气,环境保护,运输和物流,制造,家庭自动化,和安全。成本效益高,小型电池通常用于为能源容量有限的物联网设备供电。物联网设备有限的能量容量使它们容易受到电池耗尽攻击,这些攻击旨在快速耗尽电池中存储的能量,并最终关闭设备。在设计和部署IoT设备时,电池和设备规格的选择应确保设备的长寿命。本文提出了扩散近似作为模拟物联网电池中能量消耗过程的数学框架。我们应用扩散或布朗运动过程来模拟物联网设备电池的能量消耗。我们用这个模型得到了概率密度函数,意思是,方差,以及物联网设备生命周期的概率。此外,我们研究了有功功耗的影响,睡眠时间,和电池容量在概率密度函数上,意思是,以及物联网设备生命周期的概率。我们模拟了幽灵能量耗尽攻击及其对物联网设备寿命的影响。我们使用数值示例来研究电池耗尽攻击对物联网设备寿命分布的影响。我们还引入了能量阈值,之后应更换设备的电池,以确保电池在更换之前不会完全耗尽。
The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming almost every industry, including agriculture, food processing, health care, oil and gas, environmental protection, transportation and logistics, manufacturing, home automation, and safety. Cost-effective, small-sized batteries are often used to power IoT devices being deployed with limited energy capacity. The limited energy capacity of IoT devices makes them vulnerable to battery depletion attacks designed to exhaust the energy stored in the battery rapidly and eventually shut down the device. In designing and deploying IoT devices, the battery and device specifications should be chosen in such a way as to ensure a long lifetime of the device. This paper proposes diffusion approximation as a mathematical framework for modelling the energy depletion process in IoT batteries. We applied diffusion or Brownian motion processes to model the energy depletion of a battery of an IoT device. We used this model to obtain the probability density function, mean, variance, and probability of the lifetime of an IoT device. Furthermore, we studied the influence of active power consumption, sleep time, and battery capacity on the probability density function, mean, and probability of the lifetime of an IoT device. We modelled ghost energy depletion attacks and their impact on the lifetime of IoT devices. We used numerical examples to study the influence of battery depletion attacks on the distribution of the lifetime of an IoT device. We also introduced an energy threshold after which the device\'s battery should be replaced in order to ensure that the battery is not completely drained before it is replaced.