这项范围审查的目的是在2023年北欧营养建议(NNR)中的食品饮食指南(FBDG)中对鱼类摄入量与健康结果之间进行循证记录。对于大多数健康结果,在检查鱼类摄入与健康之间的证据时,纳入了鱼油和n-3长链(LC)多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)补充剂的证据.在这次审查中,纳入NNR2023批准的合格系统评价(qSR)的结论。此外,关于n-3LC-PUFA主题的从头系统综述的结论,哮喘,和过敏都包括在内。最后,系统文献检索限于2011年至2021年9月发表的系统综述和荟萃分析.总的来说,21篇论文来自系统的文献检索,四个qSR,其中包括八份报告,涉及鱼类摄入量之间的关联,鱼油,和n-3LC-PUFA补充剂对几种健康结局的影响。这些包括心血管疾病(CVD),2型糖尿病,癌症(结直肠癌,乳房,和前列腺),代谢综合征,肥胖,死亡率,认知和心理健康,妊娠相关结局(早产和出生体重),和特定于儿童的结果(神经发育,和食物过敏的风险,和哮喘)。此外,中等危险因素,如血脂,葡萄糖,C反应蛋白,并对血压进行了复查。根据目前的证据,食用鱼类可以预防冠心病(CHD)和中风的发生,和较低的心血管疾病死亡率,CHD,心肌梗死(MI),和中风,以及总死亡率风险。此外,食用鱼类有利于预防成年人的认知能力下降(如痴呆和阿尔茨海默病)。鱼的摄入也可以预防代谢综合征,由观察到的鱼摄入量与血浆甘油三酯降低和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)胆固醇水平升高之间的关联支持。来自鱼油和n-3LC-PUFA补充研究的数据支持了鱼类消费对大多数健康结果的影响的结论。
The aim of this scoping review was to conduct evidence-based documentation between fish intake and health outcomes for food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) 2023. For most health outcomes, the evidence for fish oil and n-3 long chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation was included when examining evidence between fish intake and health. In this review, conclusions from qualified systematic reviews (qSR) approved by NNR2023 are included. In addition, conclusions of a de novo systematic reviews on the topic of n-3 LC-PUFA, asthma, and allergy are included. Finally, a systematic literature search was performed limited to systematic reviews and meta-analysis published between 2011 and September 2021. In total, 21 papers from the systematic literature search, four qSR, and eight reports were included addressing the association between fish intake, fish oil, and n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation on several health outcomes. These included cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, cancers (colorectal, breast, and prostate), metabolic syndrome, obesity, mortality, cognition and mental health, pregnancy-related outcomes (preterm birth and birth weight), and outcomes specific for children (neurodevelopment, and risk of food allergies, and asthma). In addition, intermediate risk factors such as blood lipids, glucose, C-reactive protein, and blood pressure were reviewed. Based on current evidence, fish consumption can have beneficial effects to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke incidence, and lower mortality from CVD, CHD, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke, as well as total mortality risk. In addition, fish consumption is beneficial for preventing cognitive decline in adults (e.g. dementia and Alzheimer\'s disease). Fish intake may also prevent metabolic syndrome, supported by an observed association between fish intake and reduction in plasma triglycerides and increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Data from fish oil and n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation studies supports the conclusions on the effects of fish consumption on most of the health outcomes.