Obesity is considered as a chronic and high-prevalence disease on a global scale which affects all genders and ages. Although various drugs have been confirmed for the treatment of obesity, these medications have been shown to have a number of adverse effects on health. It is highlighted that natural products have an alleviative role in a broad spectrum of diseases, in particular obesity, and diabetes. Kaempferol (KMP), a plant- derived flavonol, is considerably engaged in the suppression of oxidative stress, radical scavenging, opposing cellular toxicity, and induction of the production and release of growth factors. This flavonol combats obesity by suppressing adipogenesis, regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, changing gut microbiota, and activating autophagy. Also, studies have shown that KMP exerts its anti-obesity actions by decreasing the accumulation of lipids and triglycerides (TGs), increasing fatty acid oxidation, and regulating multiple metabolic genes in the adipocytes. Considering that KMP may be a potential candidate for combating obesity, this paper summarizes the possible therapeutic roles of KMP in the treatment and prevention of this disease.

This study aimed to identify whether cancer-related health behaviours including participation in cancer screening vary by geographic location in Australia. Data were obtained from the 2014-2015 Australian National Health Survey, a computer-assisted telephone interview that measured a range of health-related issues in a sample of randomly selected households. Chi-square tests and adjusted odds ratios from logistic regression models were computed to assess the association between residential location and cancer-related health behaviours including cancer screening participation, alcohol consumption, smoking, exercise, and fruit and vegetable intake, controlling for age, socio-economic status (SES), education, and place of birth. The findings show insufficient exercise, risky alcohol intake, meeting vegetable intake guidelines, and participation in cervical screening are more likely for those living in inner regional areas and in outer regional/remote areas compared with those living in major cities. Daily smoking and participation in prostate cancer screening were significantly higher for those living in outer regional/remote areas. While participation in cancer screening in Australia does not appear to be negatively impacted by regional or remote living, lifestyle behaviours associated with cancer incidence and mortality are poorer in regional and remote areas. Population-based interventions targeting health behaviour change may be an appropriate target for reducing geographical disparities in cancer outcomes.