背景:随着年龄相关性眼病患病率的上升,预防和早期诊断这些疾病是公众眼睛健康的关键目标。公众的疾病相关知识支持这些目标,但可用的数据很少。因此,我们已经评估了白内障的知识,青光眼,在一项横断面研究中,德国成年普通人群的年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)和糖尿病眼病,并确定了健康教育干预的目标人群。
方法:基于文献综述确定了知识评估内容,专家输入,并在定性选择过程后生成项目列表。由此产生的16项工具(每个条件4项)被分配给来自调查小组的1,008名参与者,在人口统计上代表成年德国人口。基于Rasch模型和多重对应分析(MCA)评估测试特性。进行二元逻辑回归分析,以调查与年龄,性别,教育水平,就业状况,婚姻状况,收入,报告的健康状况,视觉困难,以及最近的全科医生(GP)和眼科医生咨询。
结果:对于16个(范围2-16个)项目中的9个,答复是正确的,这在条件之间是不同的(p<0.0001)。大多数反应对于白内障项目是正确的(中位数:3/4),而对于AMD项目是正确的(中位数:2/4)。27%,9%,1%和19%的受访者对所有白内障回答正确,青光眼,AMD和糖尿病眼病相关项目,分别。Rasch分析表明,在MCA中,项目有足够的针对性,不存在多维性的证据.年纪大了,退休后,总体健康状况下降和近期全科医生或眼科会诊与更多关于常见眼部疾病的知识显著相关(p≤0.005).在多变量模型中,GP或眼科咨询仍然显着(p≤0.011)。
结论:在德国普通人群中,关于眼睛健康的知识差距相当大,因此应在针对公众的教育干预中加以解决。在设计此类活动时,需要特别注意医疗保健系统的不频繁用户。与其他眼部疾病相比,AMD的知识似乎较差。
BACKGROUND: With a rising prevalence of age-related eye diseases, prevention and early diagnosis of these conditions are key goals of public eye health. Disease-related knowledge in the general public supports these goals but there is little data available. Thus, we have assessed knowledge of cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic eye disease in the German adult general population in a cross-sectional study and identified target groups for health education interventions.
METHODS: Knowledge assessment content was identified based on a literature review, expert input, and a list of items was generated after a qualitative selection process. The resulting 16-item instrument (4 items per condition) was administered to 1,008 participants from a survey panel, demographically representative of the adult German population. Test properties were evaluated based on a Rasch model and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). Binary-logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate associations with age, sex, education level, employment status, marital status, income, reported health status, visual difficulties, and recent general practitioner (GP) and ophthalmologist consultations.
RESULTS: Replies were correct for a median of 9 out of 16 (range 2 - 16) items, which differed between conditions (p < 0.0001). Most responses were correct for cataract items (median: 3 / 4) and least were correct for AMD items (median: 2 / 4). 27%, 9%, 1% and 19% of respondents replied correctly to all cataract, glaucoma, AMD and diabetic eye disease-related items, respectively. Rasch analysis suggested an adequate targeting of items and in MCA, no evidence of multidimensionality was present. Older age, being retired, decreased general health and recent GP or ophthalmology consultations were significantly associated with more knowledge about common eye conditions (p ≤ 0.005). GP or ophthalmology consultations remained significant in a multivariable model (p ≤ 0.011).
CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge gaps regarding eye health are considerable in the German general population and should therefore be addressed in educational interventions targeting the public. Special attention when designing such campaigns needs to be paid to infrequent users of the healthcare system. Knowledge of AMD seems to be poorer compared to other eye conditions.