龋齿是全球公共医疗保健问题,与细菌分解食物所造成的酸性环境密切相关。在这项研究中,采用两步离子交换液相汽提法剥离蛭石(VMT)纳米片,然后将无定形磷酸钙(ACP)和葡聚糖插入VMT纳米片夹层之间以获得复合二维纳米片(VMT/ACP/葡聚糖)。VMT/ACP/葡聚糖复合纳米片表现出优异的生物相容性,可以从ACP中提供外源Ca2+和PO43-,提供SiO44-,Mg2+,Fe2+并从VMT获得缓冲pH和抗菌性能,以及通过葡聚糖提高悬浮稳定性和靶向变异链球菌。体外研究表明,复合材料通过释放活性离子促进牙本质小管的矿化和封闭,通过离子交换,缓冲液pH4.5(接近牙菌斑环境中的pH值)至pH6.6-7.1(接近人唾液中的pH值),并通过靶向变异链球菌并发挥氧化酶样和过氧化物酶样活性以产生活性氧(ROS)来发挥抗菌作用。体内动物研究表明,每天使用VMT/ACP/葡聚糖复合纳米片清洁牙齿可以有效降低大鼠龋齿的发生率和严重程度。一起,开发的VMT/ACP/葡聚糖复合纳米片,集成了VMT的优异性能,ACP和葡聚糖,可以通过缓冲酸等因素的组合有效地预防龋齿,抗菌性能,促进钙化,并且可以用作日常口腔卫生的活性成分或填充材料以预防和治疗龋齿。
Dental caries is a worldwide public healthcare concern, and is closely related to the acidic environment that caused by bacterial decomposition of food. In this study, a two-step ion exchange liquid-phase stripping method was applied to strip out vermiculite (VMT) nanosheets, then amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and
dextran were inserted between the VMT nanosheets interlayer to obtain a composite two-dimension nanosheets (VMT/ACP/
Dextran). VMT/ACP/
Dextran composite nanosheets exhibited excellent biocompatibility and could provide exogenous Ca2+and PO43- from ACP, provide SiO44-, Mg2+, Fe2+ and obtain buffering pH and antibacterial properties from VMT, as well as improve suspension stability and targeting Streptococcus mutans through glucan. The in vitro study showed that the composite materials could promote the mineralization and sealing of dentin tubules by releasing active ions, buffer pH 4.5 (a value close to the pH in the dental plaque environment) to pH 6.6-7.1 (values close to the pH in human saliva) through ion exchange, and exert antibacterial effects by targeting Streptococcus mutans and exerting oxidase like and peroxidase like activities to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The in vivo animal study showed that daily cleaning teeth using VMT/ACP/
Dextran composite nanosheets could effectively reduce the incidence rate and severity of dental caries in rats. Taking together, the developed VMT/ACP/Dextran composite nanosheets, which integrated the excellent properties of VMT, ACP and
dextran, can effectively prevent dental caries through a combination of factors such as buffering acids, antibacterial properties, and promoting calcification, and may be used as an active ingredient for daily oral hygiene or filling materials to prevent and treat dental caries.