霉菌毒素是生长过程中产生的次级代谢产物,storage,和运输受真菌污染的作物,对人类和动物有生理毒性。黄曲霉毒素,玉米赤霉烯酮,脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇,曲霉毒素,棒曲霉素,伏马菌素是最常见的霉菌毒素,可引起肝脏和神经系统损伤,免疫系统抑制,并对食用受污染食物的人类和动物产生致癌作用。Physical,化学,和生物方法通常用于对真菌毒素进行解毒。虽然物理方法,如热处理,辐照,和吸附,既快速又简单,他们有相关的问题,包括不完全戒毒,适用性有限,并导致食物特性的变化(例如,营养价值,感官特性,和适口性)。化学解毒方法,如氨化,臭氧化,和过氧化,污染环境,产生食品安全风险。相比之下,生物酶方法是有利的,因为它们实现了选择性解毒,环境友好和可重复使用;因此,这些方法是霉菌毒素解毒的最有希望的选择。本文综述了常见霉菌毒素及其解毒的酶学原理和机制的研究进展。分析了降解产物的毒性,并描述了研究人员在进行酶解毒时面临的挑战。此外,讨论了酶解毒在食品和饲料中的应用,并提出了酶解毒方法的未来发展方向,以期对酶解毒方法进行深入研究。
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced during the growth, storage, and transportation of crops contaminated by fungi and are physiologically toxic to humans and animals. Aflatoxin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin, patulin, and fumonisin are the most common mycotoxins and can cause liver and nervous system damage, immune system suppression, and produce carcinogenic effects in humans and animals that have consumed contaminated food. Physical, chemical, and biological methods are generally used to detoxify mycotoxins. Although physical methods, such as heat treatment, irradiation, and adsorption, are fast and simple, they have associated problems including incomplete detoxification, limited applicability, and cause changes in food characteristics (e.g., nutritive value, organoleptic properties, and palatability). Chemical
detoxification methods, such as ammonification, ozonation, and peroxidation, pollute the environment and produce food safety risks. In contrast, bioenzymatic methods are advantageous as they achieve selective detoxification and are environmentally friendly and reusable; thus, these methods are the most promising options for the
detoxification of mycotoxins. This paper reviews recent research progress on common mycotoxins and the enzymatic principles and mechanisms for their detoxification, analyzes the toxicity of the degradation products and describes the challenges faced by researchers in carrying out enzymatic detoxification. In addition, the application of enzymatic
detoxification in food and feed is discussed and future directions for the development of enzymatic
detoxification methods are proposed for future in-depth study of enzymatic
detoxification methods.