背景:关于与健康相关的自我独特性信念的研究表明,这些信念可能预测遵守预防COVID-19的预防措施。
目标:我们研究了比较乐观(认为一个人比其他人少)自我优势(认为一个人已经比其他人更好地坚持预防措施),以自我为中心的影响感知(认为不良事件比其他人对自己的影响更大)预测了对预防措施的预期遵守。
方法:我们测量了自我报告的意图,对自己和他人的乐观,自我和他人感知过去的坚持,在2020年12月至2021年5月的5波纵向研究中,测量和疾病对自我和他人的感知影响(N≈5000/波)。该样本在关键方面代表了比利时人口。我们使用联合模型来检查自我独特性信念与预期遵守预防措施之间的关系。
结果:相信COVID-19对自己生活的影响超过平均水平(自我中心影响感知),这与坚持预防措施的意愿更高有关,人们认为预防措施对一个人的生活的影响小于平均水平(以分配为中心的影响感知)。过去坚持预防措施的自我优势和对COVID-19感染的相对乐观与更高的预期依从性相关,无论他们的非比较对应物(描述性规范,即,感知到他人对预防措施的坚持,和个人的乐观,分别)被控制为。如果不控制个人乐观情绪,对严重疾病和良好结果的比较乐观与较低的预期依从性有关,但如果控制,则具有更高的预期依从性。
结论:自我独特性信念可预测预期遵守针对COVID-19的预防措施,但方向不同。
Research on health-related self-uniqueness beliefs suggested that these beliefs might predict adherence to precautions against COVID-19.
We examined if comparative optimism (believing that one is less at less than others), self-superiority (believing that one already adheres better to precautions than others), and egocentric impact perception (believing that adverse events affect oneself more than others) predicted intended adherence to precautions.
We measured self-reported intentions, optimism for self and others, perceived past adherence by self and others, and perceived impact of the measures and the disease on self and others in a 5-wave longitudinal study in December 2020-May 2021 (N ≈ 5000/wave). The sample was in key respects representative for the Belgian population. We used joint models to examine the relationship between self-uniqueness beliefs and intended adherence to the precautions.
Believing that COVID-19 would affect one\'s own life more than average (egocentric impact perception) was associated with higher intentions to adhere to precautions, as was believing that the precautions affected one\'s life less than average (allocentric impact perception). Self-superiority concerning past adherence to precautions and comparative optimism concerning infection with COVID-19 were associated with higher intended adherence, regardless of whether their non-comparative counterparts (descriptive norm, i.e., perceived adherence to precautions by others, and personal optimism, respectively) were controlled for. Comparative optimism for severe disease and for good outcome were associated with lower intended adherence if personal optimism was not controlled for, but with higher intended adherence if it was controlled for.
Self-uniqueness beliefs predict intended adherence to precautions against COVID-19, but do so in different directions.