Dermoid cysts are embryological derivatives from soft tissues. They result from an ectodermic inclusion in the mesoderm, during the early embryonic development. These cysts have a slow development and are mostly encountered in the pediatric population. Eighty percent of them are located in the head and neck area, and most of them are on the frontozygomatic suture. They are superficial or deep on clinical examination. The diagnosis is mostly easy, sometimes with the help of radiological examination. The confirmation is histological. Surgical removed by an open approach, without cyst rupture is the gold standard treatment.

UNASSIGNED: Malignant transformation in dermoid cysts is rare, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the most common form. This event often occurs in large tumors and middle-aged women.
UNASSIGNED: In this study, two cases are presented. They were menopause, and abdominal pain and adnexal mass was a common manifestation in both. Case 1 with adenocarcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma had abnormal tumor markers and was diagnosed with a frozen section during surgery, but case 2 with SCC transformation had normal tumor markers, and the frozen section was not helpful in the first surgery. Both underwent complete staging surgery, and due to stage IC1 in case 1, she received chemotherapy, and in case 2, no adjuvant treatment was needed because of stage IA.
UNASSIGNED: Considering the rarity of malignant transformation in the dermoid cyst, the best surgical approach and adjuvant therapy indications need further research.

Hirschprung\'s disease is a congenital disorder characterized by aganglionic bowel, usually diagnosed in infancy. Here, we present a unique case of Hirschprung\'s disease diagnosed in a 29-year-old female with acute on chronic constipation. As part of her work up, a computerized tomography of her abdomen and pelvis revealed large, bilateral dermoid cysts. A diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy allowed manual disimpaction and decompression of her bowel, as well as biopsy attainment. Histopathology revealed absence of ganglionic cells on haematoxylin and eosin stain and calretinin immunostaining. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges of Adult Hirschprung\'s disease and how this impacts patient quality of life, as well as the work up and management of concurrent causes abdominopelvic conditions.

The purpose of this report is to present a case of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) masquerading as a dermoid cyst. A six-year-old boy with an unremarkable medical history presented in the outpatient department with a palpable mass in the superonasal region of the right orbit, which had rapidly grown in the past month. The most likely diagnosis was dermoid cyst and the patient was scheduled for surgical excision. A high index of suspicion was raised intraoperatively based on the appearance of the lesion due to the presence of a feeder vessel. The histopathology examination identified alveolar RMS. The patient was referred to a pediatric oncology department and commenced intravenous chemotherapy. RMS may masquerade as various conditions, including dermoid cysts and chalazion. A high index of suspicion should be raised in cases with rapidly growing lesions.

Dermoid cysts are one of the most common benign orbital tumours in children and usually occur unilaterally. Bilateral dermoid cysts in the orbit are rare. We report here, a case of bilateral orbital dermoid cysts, in a 29-month-old baby girl. The patient\'s prognosis was favourable following surgical resection. Through this case report, we hope to increase the recognition and understanding of this condition.

Ovarian lesions represent a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist and should be approached according to the patient\'s age, menstrual cycle, and imaging characteristics. These lesions can be cystic, mixed, or solid-predominant structures. Generally, the occurrence of benign lesions surpasses that of malignant ones at a ratio of 3:1. However, within infantile and juvenile age groups, this becomes an infrequent occurrence, making up only about 5% of ovarian tumor cases. This case report sheds light on a unique scenario involving a pediatric patient who harbored 2 benign tumors simultaneously: a mature cystic teratoma and a serous cystadenoma.

This pediatric case report describes the novel finding of concurrent submental and lingual dermoid cysts, which to our knowledge, has not been previously reported in the literature. The etiology of cysts involving the tongue, floor of the mouth, and submental neck is varied, representing congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic sources. Dermoid cysts involving these regions are uncommon and are most frequently reported in the submental, sublingual, and lingual spaces. Presenting symptoms vary with cyst size and position relative to the mylohyoid muscle. MRI is the preferred modality to differentiate dermoid cysts from other etiologies. While interventional techniques have been utilized to treat dermoid cysts in other head and neck locations, surgical excision remains the preferred treatment for those involving oral and floor-of-mouth structures.

BACKGROUND: Midline neck swellings are very common in children and mostly caused by thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) or dermoid cysts (DCs). Since DCs can undergo simple excision, whilst TGDCs demand more thorough resection via Sistrunk procedure, it is important to differentiate between both pre-operatively. Previous studies have suggested an ultrasound-score (SIST) based on presence of septae, wall irregularity and solid components could do so. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of this score.
METHODS: All patients (≤18 years) undergoing surgery between 2006 and 2018 for a midline neck mass at our tertiary centre with a histopathological diagnosis of TGDC or DC were retrospectively included. The pre-operative ultrasound was evaluated by an experienced radiologist and the SIST as well as location, tract, echogenicity, margin and multilocularity were scored.
RESULTS: We included 97 children, of whom 67 (69 %) with TGDCs. The SIST showed a sensitivity of 37 %, specificity of 97 %, a positive predictive value of 96 % and a negative predictive value of 35 % for the SIST-score in detecting TGDCs, which resulted in an AUC of 0.67. In addition, internal echogenicity (P < 0.01) and margin definition (P < 0.01) were significantly associated to TGDC diagnosis whilst location and multilocularity were deemed insignificant following Bonferroni correction.
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the SIST-score seems very capable to rule in TGDC. However, the SIST-score is far from making a clear distinction between DC and TGDCs preoperatively. The addition of other ultrasound variables, such as margin definition and echogenicity, might increase the diagnostic accuracy and demands further research.

Dermoid cysts are subcutaneous swellings that are usually congenital and originate from the sequestration of embryonic epithelium along the lines of embryonic closure. They are composed of a mixture of sebaceous fluid, keratin, cholesterol crystals, calcium, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. They present as a non-tender mass that is well-circumscribed, firm in consistency, and usually asymptomatic. Occasionally, dermoid cysts can get infected and form an abscess. Surgical excision remains the linchpin of treatment for dermoid cysts. Dermoid cysts are most common on the head, face, neck, and thoracoabdominal region and are very rare on the prepuce (foreskin). We report the case of a 27-year-old male who presented with a midline penile mass, difficulty in retracting his prepuce, and painful intercourse. A basic hematological and radiological workup was done to rule out the other differentials. Surgical excision of the swelling was done, and a histopathology report proved it to be dermoid. This case report highlights the possibility of the presence of a dermoid at rare anatomical locations such as the penis.

OBJECTIVE: Dermoid cysts (DCs) are congenital, slowly growing, and may cause nervous system symptoms. Related literature is limited and mainly includes case reports. We report a case series of DCs originating from the middle cranial fossa floor (MCFF) and investigate their demographic information, clinical characteristics, imaging findings, surgical procedures, and prognostic outcomes.
METHODS: We reviewed the patients with DCs arising from the MCFF undergoing endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) in our center between 2012 and 2022.
RESULTS: A total of 5 patients with DCs were enrolled (2 males and 3 females), with a mean age of 46.2 years at the onset. All DCs originated from the MCFF with 1 case involving the middle cranial fossa bone and another 1 case affecting the dura mater. One (20.0%) patient had neurological involvement. After admission, all patients received EES with a total resection rate of 100.0% (5 of 5). After a median follow-up of 73.2 months, all patients achieved complete clinical and radiological improvements. No surgical-related complications or relapses were observed during the long-term follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic endonasal surgery is considered a safe and effective approach for the treatment of DCs in the MCFF. A larger sample size and longer follow-up time are needed.