犬科犬科动物由棘球蚴属和犬科动物组成,两者都包括具有严重公共卫生重要性的人畜共患tape虫。已经确定了各种环境基质,寄生虫可以从这些基质传播到动物和人类,并且已经开发了许多在不同环境中检测taeniid卵的技术。然而,大多数人缺乏适当的验证,并且没有标准化的卵子分离程序。这阻碍了研究间的比较,并在决定采用哪种技术来评估特定基质中的taeniid卵污染时,对未来的研究人员构成了挑战。因此,本系统综述的目的是概述环境中大鱼卵的检测方法,讨论和比较它们,并为今后的研究提供建议。总的来说,从科学数据库中检索了1814种出版物,and,最终,系统回顾了90篇论文的数据。该结果提供了在水中(或在水中)检测的许多诊断测试的概述,食物,土壤,昆虫,对象,和空气。这些工具可以归类为传统的(光学显微镜),分子,或免疫检测工具。相对便宜的显微镜技术通常缺乏灵敏度,并且无法在属水平上鉴定出大虾卵。然而,几个记录归因于一个属,甚至是物种,通过光学显微镜检测到的大虾卵。分子和免疫检测工具提供更好的特异性,但仍然依赖于之前的鸡蛋恢复步骤,这些步骤也会影响整体灵敏度。最后,大多数方法缺乏任何绩效评估和标准化的尝试,特别是在分析的早期阶段(例如,抽样策略,储存条件,鸡蛋恢复),和生存能力很少得到解决。因此,我们的审查强调了标准化的必要性,经过验证的检测工具,不仅评估环境污染的程度,还有卵属或物种,并解决生存能力。
The cestode family Taeniidae consists of the genera Echinococcus and Taenia, both of which include zoonotic tapeworms of serious public health importance. Various environmental matrices have been identified from which parasite transmission to animals and humans can occur, and many techniques for detecting taeniid eggs in different environments have been developed. However, the majority lack appropriate validation, and standardized egg isolation procedures are absent. This hampers interstudy comparisons and poses a challenge for future researchers when deciding which technique to implement for assessing taeniid egg contamination in a particular matrix. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to present an overview of the detection methods for taeniid eggs in the environment, to discuss and compare them, and to provide recommendations for future studies. In total, 1814 publications were retrieved from scientific databases, and, ultimately, data were systematically reviewed from 90 papers. The results provide an overview of numerous diagnostic tests for taeniid egg detection in (or on) water, food, soil, insects, objects, and air. These tools could be categorized as either conventional (light microscopy), molecular, or immunodetection tools. The relatively cheap microscopy techniques often lack sensitivity and are unable to identify a taeniid egg at the genus level. Nevertheless, several records ascribed a genus, or even species, to taeniid eggs that had been detected by light microscopy. Molecular and immunodetection tools offer better specificity, but still rely on the preceding egg recovery steps that also affect overall sensitivity. Finally, the majority of the methods lacked any attempt at performance evaluation and standardization, especially at the earlier stages of the analysis (e.g., sampling strategy, storage conditions, egg recovery), and viability was rarely addressed. As such, our review highlights the need for standardized, validated detection tools, that not only assess the extent of environmental contamination, but also the egg genus or species, and address viability.