UNASSIGNED: Urolithiasis in dogs is a disorder of the urinary tract caused by the development of crystals. These crystals are composed of minerals such as phosphates, oxalates, urates, cystine, carbonates, and silica. It can be fatal if the diagnosis and treatment are inaccurate. This report aims to report a case of urolithiasis in a Toy Poodle dog.
UNASSIGNED: A 2-year-old male Toy Poodle dog weighing 4.2 kg with black hair, and having trouble urinating was presented to Prof. Soeparwi Animal Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. The dog is examined physically and, in the laboratory, diagnosed and continued with operative therapy. The history and physical examination revealed that the dog had been experiencing hematuria, stranguria, and oliguria for 2 months, with the last few days accompanied by decreased appetite. The dog exhibited decreased skin turgor, a capillary refill time (CRT) of less than 2 seconds, signs of pain and distress during urination, and palpation of distended urinary vesicles. Ultrasound scans revealed uroliths in the urinary vesica, which were identified by an acoustic shadow. Blood tests indicated a decrease in hematocrit and erythrocytes along with an increase in leukocytes. Urolithiasis was diagnosed in the case dog based on anamnesis, physical examination, hematological examination, and ultrasonography. Subsequently, a cystotomy was performed, and uroliths located in urinary vesicles were removed. The dog received ceftriaxone injections at 15 mg/kg body weight and vitamin B-complex injections at a concentration of 10 mg/kg body weight for 5 days. Four days post-surgery, the case dog was able to successfully urinate and pass clean urine.
UNASSIGNED: The Toy Poodle dog was diagnosed with silica urolithiasis in the urinary vesicles and the urolith is quite large. Cystotomy was performed to remove the urolith. Postoperative care were included the administration of antibiotics and vitamins to facilitate the healing process. The condition of the Poodle toy dog improved.

Echinococcus granulosus causes hydatid cysts, a significant zoonotic and pulmonary parasitic disease that can mimic various pathologies and is often harder to manage than the disease itself. A hydatid cyst is considered a significant health problem in India, Iran, China, and Mediterranean countries, which lack satisfactory environmental health, preventive medicine, and veterinarian services. Echinococcosis continues to be a major community health burden in several countries, and in some terrains, it constitutes an emerging and re-emerging disease. Cystic echinococcosis is the most common human disease of this genus, and it accounts for a significant number of cases worldwide. Herein, a case involving an 11-year-old presenting with fever, dry cough, and right hypochondrial pain is presented, where imaging revealed a hydatid cyst in the lung. Surgical removal of the cyst was achieved through right posterolateral thoracotomy under one-lung ventilation and anesthesia using intubation with a double-lumen endotracheal tube (DLET or DLT), highlighting surgery as the primary treatment despite the lack of consensus on surgical methods. This case underscores the effectiveness of individualized, parenchyma-preserving surgery for even large, uncomplicated cysts, indicating a positive prognosis.

Foreign bodies in the bladder can occur by self-insertion, and patients often hide the symptoms owing to embarrassment. The foreign bodies act as a nidus for calculus formation when not detected for a long time. Foreign bodies can declare symptoms such as frequency, dysuria, nocturia, hematuria, urethrorrhagia, obstruction, or retention. This case spotlights self-inserted intravesical neodymium magnetic spheres clumped and calcified due to delayed presentation which were removed by open cystotomy after a cystoscopic failure.
Los cuerpos extraños en la vejiga pueden ocurrir por autoinserción y los pacientes a menudo ocultan los síntomas por vergüenza. Los cuerpos extraños actúan como un nido para la formación de cálculos cuando no se detectan durante mucho tiempo. Los cuerpos extraños pueden manifestar síntomas como polaquiuria, disuria, nicturia, hematuria, uretrorragia, obstrucción o retención. Este caso destaca esferas magnéticas de neodimio intravesicales autoinsertadas, agrupadas y calcificadas debido a una presentación tardía que se extrajeron mediante cistotomía abierta después de una falla cistoscópica.

OBJECTIVE: To compare short- and long-term clinical variables between dogs undergoing a modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) and open cystotomy (OC) and evaluate for risk factors associated with complications and outcomes within the groups.
METHODS: Retrospective study.
METHODS: A total of 218 dogs.
METHODS: Records were reviewed for dogs that underwent PCCLm or OC between January 2010 and December 2019. Signalment; history and diagnostic findings; procedural, anesthetic, and hospitalized care data; complications; urolith recurrence; and follow-up were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate effects of clinical variables on outcomes within PCCLm and OC groups and to identify significant categorical variables between PCCLm and OC groups. Two sample t-tests were used to identify significant numerical variables between PCCLm and OC groups.
RESULTS: A total of 60.1% (131/218) of dogs underwent the PCCLm procedure and 39.9% (87/218) of dogs underwent the OC procedure. Anesthesia time (p < .001) was significantly longer in the OC group. No significant difference in incomplete urolith removal was noted between groups. Although surgical site infection and inflammation rates were not significantly different between OC and PCCLm groups, incisional infections were significantly associated with complications occurring during PCCLm (p = .027). Significantly reduced postoperative lower urinary tract signs (p = .022) were noted in the PCCLm group.
CONCLUSIONS: The PCCLm may result in reduced lower urinary tract signs postoperatively compared to OC, but other clear advantages of the PCCLm were not identified in this study.
CONCLUSIONS: PCCLm procedures are an effective alternative to OC for urolith removal in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: Current cystotomy methods often implement the use of off-label devices, resulting in urocystolith extraction difficulty and potentially leading to postoperative complications and discomfort for the patient. The objective of this study was to create 3 novel 3-D printed cystotomy spoons that offer a dedicated solution for removing urocystoliths from a patient\'s urinary bladder.
METHODS: Clinical use of the 3 novel 3-D printed cystotomy spoons were ultimately evaluated in 4 dogs and 1 cat that presented for urocystotlith removal at 3 different veterinary hospitals in northwest Arkansas.
METHODS: The novel cystotomy spoons were designed using SolidWorks, 3-D printed with a Dental Surgical Guide resin, and underwent prototype testing that included chlorhexidine soaking, autoclave sterilization, 3-point bend testing, and Finite Element Analysis. The efficiency of the spoons was then evaluated through a limited proof-of-concept study utilizing a postoperative questionnaire for the participating clinicians.
RESULTS: Practitioner feedback indicated positive experiences using 1 or more of the novel 3-D printed cystotomy spoons while performing a cystotomy surgery. However, successful use of the spoons was ultimately limited to dogs in the 23 to 34 kg weight range.
CONCLUSIONS: Novel 3-D printed cystotomy spoons have the potential to mediate urocystolith extraction difficulty and reduce postoperative complications. Additionally, this research demonstrates how veterinarians might develop custom 3-D models and prints to meet patient-specific needs. As such, further development could impact the standard of healthcare and the veterinary industry by promoting the use of additive manufacturing in veterinary medicine.

Pyelonephritis is a serious condition that is rarely described in horses. In contrast, urinary tract infections are common in humans and small animals, and multi-drug-resistant urinary infections are an emerging threat. In this report, we describe a horse with unilateral pyelonephritis caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria belonging to the Enterobacter cloacae complex. [Correction added on 9 August 2023, after first online publication: The preceding sentence was corrected.] An 11-year-old Swedish warmblood gelding was diagnosed with a cystolith and a cystotomy through an open left para-inguinal approach was performed. Seven days after surgery the horse presented with pyrexia, dullness and colic. Diagnostic testing and renal transabdominal ultrasonography confirmed the presence of a right-sided pyelonephritis. Culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed a pure growth of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing E. cloacae complex bacteria with resistance against beta-lactams, aminoglycoside and trimethoprim-sulphonamide classes. Treatment included prolonged oral antimicrobials according to susceptibility testing results (enrofloxacin), judicious use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, fluid therapy and gastric ulcer prophylaxis. The horse recovered successfully and is currently in good health (follow-up of 5 years). Once the infection resolved, unilateral renal scarring occurred. Multidrug-resistant upper-urinary infections occur in horses and should be considered in a post-surgical patient that develops fever. Early diagnosis, urine bacterial culturing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were crucial in this case to successful management.

Vaginal pessaries are commonly used for uterine prolapse. Long forgotten pessaries get incarcerated in the vagina and may erode in the bladder and rectum. We present a unique case of a 60-year-old female patient who presented with dysuria and urge incontinence. In remote areas, bangles are still used as a pessary, which may present with atypical symptoms due to bladder perforation, encrustation, and Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF). VVF with a long curved tract can heal with prolonged catheterization. To our knowledge, this is the first case of glass bangle pessary being reported.

暂无摘要。

Vesicouterine fistulas are an extremely rare fistula occurring between the bladder and uterus and most commonly occur after lower segment cesarean sections. There are fewer than 100 case reports documenting vesicouterine fistulas, with most managed with open or laparoscopic surgical techniques. We present a novel case, including diagnostic evaluation and robotic-assisted repair, of a simultaneous vesicovaginal and vesicouterine fistula that developed after a uterine rupture that was complicated by multiple cystotomies. A robotic approach affords good visibility of the deep pelvis while still allowing for mobilization of the omentum as an interposition graft, with the benefit of a minimally-invasive approach.

A 7-year-old spayed female pug dog was brought to the veterinary college with a severely and diffusely ischemic urinary bladder secondary to obstructive uroliths in the lower urinary tract. Cystotomy was performed to remove the uroliths and the ischemic bladder was managed with conservative treatment. A recheck abdominal ultrasound 4.5 mo after surgery revealed an abdominal mass that was associated with the urinary bladder. An exploratory laparotomy and partial cystectomy were performed. Histopathology of the mass showed granulomatous inflammation centered on necrotic tissue. The dog recovered well, and long-term prognosis is good. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first veterinary case report describing conservative management of an ischemic urinary bladder. An uncommon complication following cystotomy and the relevant imaging findings is also described. The positive outcome for the dog demonstrated that conservative management may serve as an option for treatment of substantial ischemia of the urinary bladder.
Prise en charge conservatrice réussie chez un chien présentant une ischémie importante de la vessie. Une chienne carlin femelle stérilisée âgée de 7 ans a été amenée à l’école vétérinaire avec une vessie sévèrement et diffusément ischémique secondaire à des urolithes obstructifs dans les voies urinaires inférieures. Une cystotomie a été réalisée pour retirer les urolithes et la vessie ischémique a été prise en charge avec un traitement conservateur. Une échographie abdominale de contrôle 4,5 mois après la chirurgie a révélé une masse abdominale associée à la vessie. Une laparotomie exploratrice et une cystectomie partielle ont été réalisées. L’histopathologie de la masse a montré une inflammation granulomateuse centrée sur le tissu nécrotique. Le chien a bien récupéré et le pronostic à long terme est bon. À notre connaissance, il s’agit du premier rapport de cas vétérinaire décrivant la prise en charge conservatrice d’une vessie ischémique. Une complication peu fréquente après cystotomie et les résultats d’imagerie pertinents sont également décrits. Le résultat positif pour le chien a démontré qu’une gestion conservatrice peut servir d’option pour le traitement d’une ischémie importante de la vessie.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).