UNASSIGNED: To describe the role of cyanoacrylate glue in sealing iatrogenic retinal breaks (IRBs) during vitrectomy in stage 5 familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) with funneled retinal detachment (RD).
UNASSIGNED: Nine eyes of nine patients diagnosed as stage 5 FEVR were treated with cyanoacrylate glue for IRBs during vitrectomy from July 2020 to January 2022. The clinical records, including patient information, surgical process, and follow-up examinations, were collected retrospectively. Anatomical outcomes and visual outcomes were summarized.
UNASSIGNED: The average age at surgery was 19.6 months (range: 3.8-41.1 months). The mean post-operative follow-up period was 12.5 months (range: 9.8-18.8 months). Before surgery, five eyes had an open-funnel RD and four eyes had a closed-funnel RD. All the preretinal fibroplasia membranes were removed as thoroughly as possible in the nine eyes. IRBs formed at the posterior pole in two eyes and peripheral retina in seven eyes. All the IRBs were sealed successfully by the cyanoacrylate glue when they appeared. At the final post-operative visit, eight eyes had partial retinal reattachment without progression of fibroplasia tissues, while one eye had total retinal redetachment. The rate for stable anatomical outcome was 88.9% (8/9) in this study. The visual testing available for seven eyes demonstrated light perception in five eyes and no light perception in two eyes. No severe perioperative glue-related complications were noted during the follow-ups.
UNASSIGNED: The application of cyanoacrylate glue may be an alternative therapy for IRBs in stage 5 FEVR surgeries, while the long-term efficacy and safety still need further investigation.

OBJECTIVE: The most severe form of chronic venous insufficiency includes venous leg ulcers in CEAP-6 stage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between incompetent perforator veins occluding with cyanoacrylate and closure of perforator veins and healing of venous leg ulcers in patients at CEAP-6 stage.
METHODS: A total of 187 patients who underwent cyanoacrylate application to incompetent perforator veins due to venous leg ulcers from 2018 to 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Twelve months post-procedure, patients were evaluated for perforator vein closure, ulcer diameter, and Venous Clinical Severity Scale. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was used to estimate the probability of postoperative non-occlusion of the perforating vein based on the preoperative ulcers\' diameters and the perforating veins\' mean diameters. Univariate and Multivariate Binary Logistic Regression analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors associated with incomplete closure of the perforating vein.
RESULTS: At the 12 months, 87.1% of patients experienced incompetent perforator veins closure, leading to complete healing of venous leg ulcers. Preoperative ulcer diameter significantly decreased from 7.20±3.48 cm2 to 0.28±0.77 cm2 post-procedure (P<0.001). On average, 3.5±1.01 perforating veins were treated, with a diameter of 4.09±0.41 mm. No postoperative paresthesia or deep vein thrombosis occurred. Preoperative Venous Clinical Severity Scale scores decreased significantly from 17.85±3.06 to 8.03±3.53 postoperatively (P<0.001). Patients with non-occluded perforating veins had larger preoperative ulcer diameters (13.77±1.78 cm2) compared to those with occluded perforating veins (6.24±2.47 cm2) (P<0.001). The mean perforating vein diameter was also larger in non-occluded perforating veins patients (4.45±0.41 mm) than in occluded perforating veins patients (4.04±0.38 mm) (P<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the preoperative ulcer diameter cut-off point of 11,25 cm2 for the possibility of postoperative non-occlusion of perforating veins were 100%. In contrast, those for the preoperative mean perforating vein diameter cut-off point of 4.15 mm were determined as 66.7%, 79.1%, and 77.5%, respectively. Diabetes mellitus presence increased the likelihood of incompetent perforator veins remaining open by 3.4 times (95% CI:1.11-10.44) (P = 0.032), while a 1 mm larger mean perforating vein diameter increased this likelihood by 9.36 times (95% CI: 3.47-25.29) (P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that occlusion of incompetent perforator veins with cyanoacrylate is effective, safe, and associated with low complication rates in CEAP-6 patients. The findings support that cyanoacrylate occlusion of perforator veins may be a valuable option in the treatment of venous leg ulcers.

BACKGROUND: The management of the surgical wound of partially impacted mandibular third molar surgery has a great impact on recovery as well as on food impact retention. The present study used clinical parameters and health-related quality of life (HRQL) to compare outcomes of cyanoacrylate application versus traditional suture of third molar impaction surgery.
METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of subjects scheduled for outpatient third molar surgery. Each participant signed an informed consent agreement. Inclusion criteria were as follows: presence of at least one partially impacted mandibular third molar, confirmed with a preoperative panoramic radiograph. Exclusion criteria were the following: smoking, diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Between June 2020 and September 2023, a total of 78 patients of mean age 31.14 years old (range 21-40 years, standard deviation 9.14), were included in this study-38 patients were male, 40 patients were female. A group of patients received traditional silk suture (G1 = 41 patients), while the second group (G2 = 37 patients) received hemostasis performed with fibrin sponge and, after complete soaking of the sponge, the application of cyanoacrylate gel on the blood clot and suture with one 2/0 stitch in order for recovery for secondary closure. The following parameters were measured: HRQL, average pain (AP), maximum pain (MP), complication score (CS), facial swelling (FS), and erythema.
RESULTS: For HRQL parameters, oral disability was found to be significantly higher in G1 while AP was significantly higher in G2 (p < 0.05). AP was higher in G2 (p = 0.0098), as well as MP (p = 0.001). No differences were found with regards to CS (p = 0.0759). FS and erythema were higher in G1 (p < 0.0001 for facial swelling, and p = 0.0001 for erythema).
CONCLUSIONS: on the basis of this study, the use of cyanoacrylate after mandibular third molar surgery appears to be useful in order to reduce postoperative oral disability, facial swelling, and erythema after tooth extraction, with increased average and medium pain: clinicians may consider its use in selected cases.

BACKGROUND: A new access technique was developed to reduce postoperative adverse events after the extraction of impacted maxillary wisdom teeth. Hence, this study aimed to assess the occurrence of adverse events after the extraction of maxillary impacted wisdom teeth using a traditional access (TA) or a new technique (NT).
METHODS: Two different surgical incision designs were used for bilateral wisdom tooth extractions in 30 patients. The traditional incision was performed distal to the second molar in the center of the tuberosity, followed by a buccal releasing incision. After the tooth extraction, the wound was secured by sutures. The new technique consists of an oblique incision from the distal palatal aspect of the tuberosity towards the buccal aspect of the second molar. After the tooth extraction, cyanoacrylate glue was used on the wound.
RESULTS: Lower pain was reported by patients at the site treated with the new technique (p < 0.01). Edema, postsurgical bleeding, and hematoma were similar in both groups. The surgical time was shorter for the new technique (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: The new technique applied for the extraction of impacted maxillary wisdom teeth reduced postsurgical pain and the duration of surgery.

BACKGROUND: Rebleeding is a significant complication of endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate in gastric varices in cirrhotic patients.
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficiency of endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection and summarized the risk factors for rebleeding.
METHODS: Databases were searched for articles published between January 2012 and December 2022. Studies evaluating the efficiency of endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate glue for gastric varices and the risk factors for rebleeding were included.
RESULTS: The final analysis included data from 24 studies. The hemostatic rates ranged from 65 to 100%. The pooled rate of gastric varices recurrence was 34% [95% CI 21-46, I2 = 61.4%], early rebleeding rate was 16% [95% CI 11-20, I2 = 37.4%], late rebleeding rate was 39% [95% CI 36-42, I2 = 90.9%], mild and moderate adverse events rate were 28% [95% CI 24-31, I2 = 91.6%], 3% [95% CI - 2 to 8, I2 = 15.3%], rebleeding-related mortality rate was 6% [95% CI 2-10, I2 = 0%], all-cause mortality rate was 17% [95% CI 12-22, I2 = 63.6%]. Independent risk factors for gastric variceal rebleeding included portal venous thrombosis, ascites, cyanoacrylate volume, fever/systemic inflammatory response syndrome, red Wale sign, previous history of variceal bleeding, active bleeding and paragastric veins. The use of proton pump inhibitors could be a protective factor.
CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic cyanoacrylate glue injection is an effective and safe treatment for gastric varices. Cirrhotic patients with the above risk factors may benefit from treatment aimed at reducing portal hypertension, antibiotic prophylaxis, and anticoagulation if they meet the indications.

UNASSIGNED: Various techniques of closure of surgical incisions have been described ranging from various suture materials, staples and tapes to adhesive compounds. Cyanoacrylate is an adhesive compound available for surgical incision closure. Although sutures have been the preferred universal choice for surgical incision closure, glue is gaining popularity in specific places like pediatric injuries, facial injuries, laparoscopic incision closure, etc. This study aimed to compare the results between the application of cyanoacrylate and conventional suturing.
UNASSIGNED: In this randomized control study, patients were divided into two groups of 100 each. The surgical incisions were closed using cyanoacrylate glue in Group A patients and polyamide (EthilonTM 2-0) in Group B patients. Post-operative pain was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale on the first, third, and seventh day. The wounds were evaluated for complications on post-op days 1, 3, 7, and 30 using the ASEPSIS score. Cosmetic outcome was assessed at the end of first month using the Modified Hollander Cosmesis Scale.
UNASSIGNED: Post-operative pain was significantly less in the glue group on days 1, 3, and 7. Wound infection with dehiscence occurred in 4 cases (4 %) in Group A and one patient (1 %) in Group B, which was statistically insignificant. There was no significant difference in cosmetic outcomes in either Group.
UNASSIGNED: Cyanoacrylate is a good alternative to sutures in skin closure of clean and clean-contaminated surgical wounds.

A previously healthy 70-year-old woman underwent cyanoacrylate closure of an incompetent left small saphenous vein. Six days later, grade 2 treatment-induced thrombosis occurred at the sapheno-popliteal junction. Three days later, the patient presented with pale, cold pain in the left lower extremity. Diffuse thrombosis of the left lower extremity involved the small and great saphenous and deep veins. The patient was admitted and immediately administered heparin with anticoagulant factors, with symptoms began resolving 1 d later. The superficial vein thrombi were resolved. Although a deep venous thrombus remained, symptoms disappeared, and the patient was discharged.

Variceal bleed represents an important complication of cirrhosis, with its presence reflecting the severity of liver disease. Gastric varices, though less frequently seen than esophageal varices, present a distinct clinical challenge due to its higher intensity of bleeding and associated mortality. Based upon the Sarin classification, GOV1 is the most common subtype of gastric varices seen in clinical practice.

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The crystal violet (CV) staining technique represents a prevalent approach for the development of latent fingerprints, especially on adhesive tape surfaces. Nevertheless, the technique necessitates intricate formulations to augment its performance. In this investigation, an optimized CV staining protocol was developed, characterized by the absence of residual dye on the target substrates and the capability of facilitating fingerprint visualization under ambient light conditions. Four donors, comprising two males and two females, deposited natural fingerprints on various substrates, including glass microscope slides, aluminum foil, and 115 g glossy coated paper, without any specific guidelines. Fingerprints developed using cyanoacrylate fuming served as benchmarks and were contrasted with those generated through alternative methods: CV, ardrox, rhodamine 6G, powdering, and the optimized CV staining protocol. The fingerprint development experiment was replicated at seven distinct time intervals, encompassing 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, resulting in a dataset of 420 fingerprints. The evaluation of fingerprint identifiability employed a scoring system established by the Home Office Centre for Applied Science and Technology. The results indicated that the optimized CV staining technique demonstrated superior performance, boasting a 92.9% rate of identifiable fingerprint development in contrast to other employed methodologies. Consequently, this optimized CV staining approach is recommended as an efficient, rapid, and straightforward critical dyeing method, applicable to a wide array of substrates in forensic investigations.