Fe-based 2D materials exhibit rich chemical compositions and structures, which may imply many unique physical properties and promising applications. However, achieving controllable preparation of ultrathin non-layered FeS crystal on SiO2/Si substrate remains a challenge. Herein, the influence of temperature and molecular sieves is reported on the synthesis of ultrathin FeS nanosheets with a thickness as low as 2.3 nm by molecular sieves-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The grown FeS nanosheets exhibit a non-layered hexagonal NiAs structure and belong to the P63/mmc space group. The inverted symmetry broken structure is confirmed by the angle-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) test. In particular, the 2D FeS nanosheets exhibit exceptional metallic behavior, with conductivity up to 1.63 × 106 S m-1 at 300 K for an 8 nm thick sample, which is higher than that of reported 2D metallic materials. This work provides a significant contribution to the synthesis and characterization of 2D non-layered Fe-based materials.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often associated with decreased activity of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), an enzyme essential for HDL maturation. This reduction in LCAT activity may potentially contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between LCAT activity in patients with CKD and the risk of adverse outcomes. We measured serum LCAT activity and characterized lipoprotein profiles using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 453 non-dialysis CKD patients from the CARE FOR HOMe study. LCAT activity correlated directly with smaller HDL particle size, a type of HDL potentially linked to greater cardiovascular protection. Over a mean follow-up of 5.0 ± 2.2 years, baseline LCAT activity was inversely associated with risk of death (standardized HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.50-0.76; p<0.001) and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) (standardized HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.52-0.85; p=0.001). These associations remained significant even after adjusting for other risk factors. Interestingly, LCAT activity was not associated with the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events or kidney function decline during the follow-up. To conclude, our findings demonstrate that LCAT activity is independently associated with all-cause mortality and ADHF in patients with CKD. Moreover, LCAT activity is directly linked to smaller, potentially more protective HDL subclasses.

UNASSIGNED: Maternal mortality in the United States remains high, with cardiovascular (CV) complications being a leading cause.
UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this paper was to develop the PARCCS (Prediction of Acute Risk for Cardiovascular Complications in the Peripartum Period Score) for acute CV complications during delivery.
UNASSIGNED: Data from the National Inpatient Sample (2016-2020) and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes to identify delivery admissions were used. Acute CV/renal complications were defined as a composite of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, peripartum cardiomyopathy, renal complications, venous thromboembolism, arrhythmias, and pulmonary edema. A risk prediction model, PARCCS, was developed using machine learning consisting of 14 variables and scored out of 100 points.
UNASSIGNED: Of the 2,371,661 pregnant patients analyzed, 7.0% had acute CV complications during delivery hospitalization. Patients with CV complications had a higher prevalence of comorbidities and were more likely to be of Black race and lower income. The PARCCS variables included electrolyte imbalances (13 points [p]), age (3p for age <20 years), cesarean delivery (4p), obesity (5p), pre-existing heart failure (28p), multiple gestations (4p), Black race (2p), gestational hypertension (3p), low income (1p), gestational diabetes (2p), chronic diabetes (6p), prior stroke (22p), coagulopathy (5p), and nonelective admission (2p). Using the validation set, the performance of the model was evaluated with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.68 and a 95% CI of 0.67 to 0.68.
UNASSIGNED: PARCCS has the potential to be an important tool for identifying pregnant individuals at risk of acute peripartum CV complications at the time of delivery. Future studies should further validate this score and determine whether it can improve patient outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the characteristics, management, and outcomes of dysphagia rehabilitation in older patients with CVD in a super-aged society, highlighting the need for comprehensive management strategies in community hospital settings. It aimed to uncover valuable insights into the benefits of integrating dysphagia rehabilitation with cardiac care in patient management.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with CVD aged ≥ 65 years who were admitted to Niigata Minami Hospital between January 2019 and December 2021. We focused on patients requiring dysphagia rehabilitation and assessing the effects of these interventions on recovery.
RESULTS: The study included 732 participants with an average age of 86.0 ± 7.8 years, of whom 41.9% were male. Approximately 55.1% required dysphagia rehabilitation. Dysphagia rehabilitation significantly improved oral caloric intake and BMI in patients who underwent rehabilitation, and these improvements were comparable to those in patients who did not require dysphagia rehabilitation. Significant enhancement in the ADL of patients was observed at discharge. Patients who required dysphagia rehabilitation also had longer hospital stays and were more likely to be discharged to nursing facilities.
CONCLUSIONS: Dysphagia is common in older patients with CVD, and dysphagia rehabilitation positively affects the maintenance of nutritional status and helps patients achieve ADL independence at discharge. This study highlights the importance of integrating dysphagia rehabilitation into ordinary cardiac rehabilitation programs for older patients with CVD to improve their QOL.

BACKGROUND: The American Heart Association (AHA) has recently introduced the concept of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome, which is the result of an increasing emphasis on the interplay of metabolic, renal and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Furthermore, there is substantial evidence of a correlation between the triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI ) and CVD as an assessment of insulin resistance (IR). However, it remains unknown whether this correlation exists in population with CKM syndrome.
METHODS: All data for this study were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The exposure was the participants\' TyG-BMI at baseline, which was calculated using a combination of triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body mass index (BMI). The primary outcome was CVD, which were determined by the use of a standardised questionnaire during follow-up. To examine the relationship between TyG-BMI and CVD incidence in population with CKM syndrome, both Cox regression analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analyses were performed.
RESULTS: A total of 7376 participants were included in the final analysis. Of these, 1139, 1515, 1839, and 2883 were in CKM syndrome stages 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively, at baseline. The gender distribution was 52.62% female, and the mean age was 59.17 ± 9.28 (years). The results of the fully adjusted COX regression analyses indicated that there was a 6.5% increase in the risk of developing CVD for each 10-unit increase in TyG-BMI,95% confidence interval (CI):1.041-1.090. The RCS regression analyses demonstrated a positive linear association between TyG-BMI and the incidence of CVD in the CKM syndrome population (P for overall < 0.001, P for nonlinear = 0.355).
CONCLUSIONS: This cohort study demonstrated a positive linear association between TyG-BMI index and increased CVD incidence in a population with CKM syndrome stage 0-3. This finding suggests that enhanced assessment of TyG-BMI index may provide a more convenient and effective tool for individuals at risk for CVD in CKM syndrome stage 0-3.

Obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pose significant worldwide health challenges, characterized by complex interplay among inflammatory pathways that underlie their development. In this review, we examine the contribution of inflammation and associated signaling molecules to the pathogenesis of these conditions, while also emphasizing the significant participation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in modulating inflammatory pathways. In the context of obesity, aberrant expression patterns of inflammatory-associated miRNAs play a contributory role in adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, thereby exacerbating disturbances in metabolic homeostasis. Similarly, in CVD, dysregulated miRNA expression alters inflammatory reactions, disrupts endothelial function, and induces cardiac remodeling, thereby impacting the advancement of the disease. Moreover, in the context of NAFLD, inflammatory-associated miRNAs are implicated in mediating hepatic inflammation, lipid deposition, and fibrosis, underscoring their candidacy as promising therapeutic targets. Additionally, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network has emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism in the etiology of CVD, obesity, and NAFLD, wherein ncRNAs assume pivotal roles in facilitating communication across diverse molecular pathways. Moreover, in the concluding section, we underscored the potential efficacy of directing interventions towards inflammatory-related miRNAs utilizing herbal remedies and therapies based on exosome delivery systems as a promising strategy for ameliorating pathologies associated with inflammation in obesity, CVD, and NAFLD.

This paper reviews the associations between sugars consumption and non-communicable diseases. Systematic reviews demonstrate associations between sugars intake and dental caries, weight gain, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Children consuming more sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are 1.55 times more likely to be overweight. In adults, higher consumption of SSBs is associated with a 27% higher relative risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In adults, greater free sugar consumption was positively associated with total CVD (HR 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03-1.10), ischaemic heart disease (HR 1.06; 95%CI: 1.02,1.10), and stroke (HR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.17). Those consuming sugars higher than the recommended level of 10% of total energy are more likely to develop dental caries; 42 out of 50 studies involving children and 5 out of 5 in adults reported at least one positive association between sugars and caries. Reduction in sugars consumption requires a myriad of interventions to reduce supply and demand at national and global levels, fiscal policies, alongside high-quality research and promoting environments to reduce the burden of NCDs.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) cause significant global morbidity, mortality and public health burden annually. CVD alters richness, diversity, and composition of Gut microbiota along with RAS and histopathological differences. Present study explores Metformin role in mitigating doxorubicin induced cardiovascular toxicity/remodeling. Animals were divided into 4 groups with n=6: Group I (N. Control) free access to diet and water; Group II (MET. Control) on oral Metformin (250 mg/kg) daily; Group III (DOX. Control) alternate day intraperitoneal Doxorubicin (3 mg/kg) totaling 18 mg/kg; Group IV (DOX. MET. Control) received both daily oral Metformin (250 mg/kg) and alternate day Doxorubicin (3 mg/kg). Gut microbial analysis was made from stool before animals were sacrificed for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Significant alterations were observed in ɑ and β-diversity with new genus from Firmicutes, specifically Clostridia_UCG-014, Eubacterium ruminantium, and Tunicibacter, were prevalent in both the DOX. Control and DOX.MET groups. Proteobacteria, represented by Succinivibrio, were absent in all groups. Additionally, Parabacteroides from the Bacteroidia phylum was absent in all groups except the N. control. In the DOX.MET Control group, levels of Angiotensin II ( 7.75± 0.49 nmol/min, p<0.01) and Renin (2.60±0.26 ng/ml/hr) were significantly reduced. Conversely, levels of CK-MB, Fibrinogen, Troponin, CRP ( p < 0.0001), and TNFɑ (p < 0.05) were elevated. Histopathological examination revealed substantial cardiac changes, including Fibrinogen and fat deposition and eosinophilic infiltration, as well as liver damage characterized by binucleated cells and damaged hepatocytes, along with altered renal tissues in the DOX.MET.Control group. The findings suggest that MET. significantly modifies gut microbiota, particularly impacting the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla. The reduction in Angiotensin II levels, alongside increased inflammatory markers and myocardial damage, highlights the complex interactions and potential adverse effects associated with MET therapy on cardiovascular health.

BACKGROUND: Both cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the leading causes of death worldwide. Although our previous study detected a relationship between CVD and cancer incidence, limited evidence is available regarding the relationship between CVD, cardiovascular risk factors, and cancer mortality.
RESULTS: A prospective cohort study using data from the continuous NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2016) merged with Medicare and National Death Index mortality data, through December 31, 2018. We included individuals with no history of cancer at baseline. The primary exposure was CVD at baseline. We also conducted a comprehensive risk factor analysis as secondary exposure. The main outcome was cancer mortality data collected from Medicare and National Death Index. We included 44 591 adult individuals representing 1 738 423 317 individuals (52% female, 67% non-Hispanic White, and 9% Hispanic). Competing risk modeling showed a significantly higher risk of cancer mortality in individuals with CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.37 [95% CI 1.07-1.76], P=0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Notably, cancer mortality increased with aging (aHR, 1.08 [95% CI 1.05-1.11], P<0.0001), current smoking status (aHR, 6.78 [95% CI, 3.43-13.42], P<0.0001), and obesity (aHR, 2.32 [95% CI, 1.13-4.79], P=0.02). Finally, a significant interaction (P=0.034) was found where those with CVD and obesity showed higher cancer mortality than those with normal body mass index (aHR, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.03-2.91], P=0.04).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the close relationship between cardiovascular health and cancer mortality. Our findings suggest that obesity may play a significant role in cancer mortality among individuals with CVD. These findings emphasize the need for a more proactive approach in managing the shared risk factors for CVD and cancer.

Background: Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at heightened risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population. Inflammation and autonomic dysfunction are candidate mechanisms of CVD risk in PTSD; however, these mechanisms have not been well-characterised in the PTSD-CVD link. Further, these mechanisms may operate through altered stress-related neural activity (SNA). Yet, it remains unknown if changes in PTSD are associated with changes in CVD risk mechanisms.Objective: This manuscript describes the design and procedures of a pilot randomised controlled trial to assess the impact of a first-line treatment for PTSD (Cognitive Processing Therapy; CPT) versus waitlist control on mechanisms of CVD risk. Further, this study will test the hypothesis that CPT reduces CVD risk through its effects on inflammation and autonomic function and that these changes are driven by changes in SNA.Methods: Adults with PTSD and CVD risk (N = 30) will be randomised to CPT or waitlist control. Participants complete two laboratory visits (baseline and post-treatment) that include surveys, brain and peripheral imaging via 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), and resting measures of autonomic function. Primary outcomes include arterial inflammation and heart rate variability. Secondary outcomes include leukopoiesis (bone marrow uptake), heart rate, and blood pressure. The indirect effects of PTSD treatment on changes in inflammation and autonomic function through SNA will also be examined.Conclusions: This study seeks to characterise candidate neuroimmune mechanisms of the PTSD-CVD link to identify treatment targets and develop personalised interventions to reduce CVD events in PTSD populations.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06429293..
Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general population.Autonomic dysfunction and inflammation are candidate mechanisms of the PTSD-CVD link, which may be driven by changes in neural activity.This pilot randomised controlled trial will test the impact of a first-line PTSD treatment on autonomic dysfunction and inflammation, and whether neural alterations are associated with changes in these mechanisms.