Description Seborrheic dermatitis is a common dermatologic disease affecting patients of all ages, ethnicities, and skin pigmentations. The rash often affects the scalp, ears, and central face. The underlying skin pigmentation of the individual may affect how this disease presents. We present several cases of seborrheic dermatitis in individuals of varying ages, genders, and skin pigmentations.

Diseases vary among and within species but the causes of this variation can be unclear. Immune responses are an important driver of disease variation, but mechanisms on how the body resists pathogen establishment before activation of immune responses are understudied. Skin surfaces of mammals are the first line of defense against abiotic stressors and pathogens, and skin attributes such as pH, microbiomes, and lipids influence disease outcomes. Sebaceous glands produce sebum composed of multiple types of lipids with species-specific compositions. Sebum affects skin barrier function by contributing to minimizing water loss, supporting thermoregulation, protecting against pathogens, and preventing UV-induced damage. Sebum also affects skin microbiome composition both via its antimicrobial properties, and by providing potential nutrient sources. Intra- and interspecific variation in sebum composition influences skin disease outcomes in humans and domestic mammal species but is not well-characterized in wildlife. We synthesized knowledge on sebum function in mammals in relation to skin diseases and the skin microbiome. We found that sebum composition was described for only 29 live, wild mammalian species. Sebum is important in dermatophilosis, various forms of dermatitis, demodicosis, and potentially white-nose syndrome. Sebum composition likely affects disease susceptibility, as lipid components can have antimicrobial functions against specific pathogens. It is unclear why sebum composition is species-specific, but both phylogeny and environmental effects may drive differences. Our review illustrates the role of mammal sebum function and influence on skin microbes in the context of skin diseases, providing a baseline for future studies to elucidate mechanisms of disease resistance beyond immune responses.

In recent years, microneedle technology has been widely used for the transdermal delivery of substances, showing improvements in drug delivery effects with the advantages of minimally invasive, painless, and convenient operation. With the development of nano- and electrochemical technology, different types of microneedles are increasingly being used in other biomedical fields. Recent research progress shows that dissolving microneedles have achieved remarkable results in the fields of dermatological treatment, disease diagnosis and monitoring, and vaccine delivery, and they have a wide range of application prospects in various biomedical fields, showing their great potential as a form of clinical treatment. This review mainly focuses on dissolving microneedles, summarizing the latest research progress in various biomedical fields, providing inspiration for the subsequent intelligent and commercial development of dissolving microneedles, and providing better solutions for clinical treatment.

Congenital ichthyoses are a group of hereditary disorders of keratinization that are challenging to treat. Affected individuals suffer not only from thickening of the skin but also associated complications such as growth restriction, hearing and eye complications, infections, and thermodysregulation. This clinical review provides a practical roadmap to the longitudinal care of patients with ichthyosis with both general and age- and disease-specific recommendations. The allure of pathogenesis-based and targeted treatments for these monogenetic severe but orphan conditions shines bright as dermatological therapies enter a new era.

BACKGROUND: Dermatologic disease has been shown to have high rates of diagnostic and treatment discordance between dermatologists and non-specialists. Inpatient dermatology consultative services have the potential to improve patient care, but there is a paucity of data evaluating the quantitative effects of such services. This study aimed to evaluate the impact a newly established inpatient dermatology service had on quantitative patient care outcomes.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study compared quantitative care measures of dermatologic inpatients during the years both pre- and post-implementation of an academic hospital\'s dermatology consultative service. The primary outcomes included hospitalization duration, readmission rates, and establishment of outpatient dermatologic care.
RESULTS: The study found a 1.04-day reduction in hospital length of stay (p-value = 0.046) after the consultation service establishment. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the rate by which patients sought outpatient dermatology follow-up (6.7% versus 24.4%, p-value <0.001). No significant change in the all-cause readmission rate was identified.
CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of hospitalization duration supports inpatient dermatology services as a viable means to provide improved patient care and reduce health systems costs. Hospitals that do not have a consulting service for cutaneous conditions provided by a dermatology specialist should strongly consider establishing such a department.

Description Dermatological disease has historically been dependent on photography as a primary modality for education. Previously, photographs used for medical education were representative of the regional patient populations at that time; however, they have not proportionally reflected the rapidly changing demographics in the United States. Education on the diagnosis of cutaneous disease has, therefore, primarily relied on photographs of lighter skin tones. There is a need for a better representation of darker skin tones in dermatologic medical education. This article introduces a clinical series that highlights dermatological diseases in various skin pigmentations, which are commonly seen in the primary care office. The goal is to improve the diagnostic accuracy of primary care clinicians and to compare how certain cutaneous diseases may vary in appearance depending on the individuals\' Fitzpatrick skin type.

The rosemary plant, Rosmarinus officinalis L., one of the main members of the Lamiaceae family, is currently one of the most promising herbal medicines due to its pharmaceutical properties. This research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant role of Rosmarinus officinalis and its bioactive compounds on the skin, with a focus on the newly emerging molecular mechanisms involved, providing extensive scientific evidence of its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound-healing and anticancer activity in dermatological practice. The search was conducted on articles concerning in vitro and in vivo studies in both animals and humans. The results obtained confirm the antioxidant role of R. officinalis. This assumption derives the possibility of using R. officinalis or its bioactive elements for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious skin pathologies. However, although the use of rosemary in the treatment of skin diseases represents a fascinating line of research, future perspectives still require large and controlled clinical trials in order to definitively elucidate the real impact of this plant and its components in clinical practice.

The skin represents an indicator of an animal\'s health status. Causes of cutaneous diseases in fish most often trace back to biological agents. However, fish skin diseases can also arise from a complex interaction of infectious and non-infectious causes, making it more difficult to identify a specific aetiology. In the period between April and September of the years 2019-2022, four koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) from two European countries presented with multifocal, irregularly round, few mm to 1 cm, variably raised cutaneous reddened areas. The fish displayed good general condition. Cutaneous samples, investigated by microbiological and molecular methods and microscopy, did not indicate a primary pathogenic agent. Gross and histological findings of the cutaneous biopsies were consistent with a multifocal/reactive process centred on dermal vessels. The histological features were reminiscent of angiomatosis, a benign proliferative condition affecting the dermal vessels of mammals, including human patients. The clinical-pathological presentation and the dermatologic condition that affected the koi carp are discussed and compared with the veterinary and human literature.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) can cause several extrapulmonary manifestations, most frequently dermatological ones. It is largely unknown whether Mp genotype determines Mp-induced cutaneous disease. The aim of our study was to assess the association between Mp genotype and this clinical outcome. We performed a retrospective study of children referred with signs of acute Mp infection from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014. We compared the characteristics of children presenting as cutaneous disease, upper (URTI) and lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). In addition, we separately analyzed the data of patients presenting with Mp-induced cutaneous disease. We evaluated data from 435 patients (mean age 7.3 years, SD 3.4 years; 52.0% boys) who had Mp PCR-positive pharyngeal swab, P1 genotype and/or multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) genotype defined and no viral co-detection, presenting as cutaneous disease (38/435), URTI (46/435) or LRTI (351/435). The majority of patients had urticarial (55%, 21/38) or maculopapular eruptions (37%, 14/38). We found no association between Mp genotype and clinical outcome of cutaneous disease, nor any specific dermatological presentation. In the group with cutaneous disease, 18% (7/38) required hospital admission because of rash. We found that infection with MLVA-3,6,6,2 strains was more common in admitted patients than in outpatients (40% vs. 4%, p = 0.017) and significantly affected the likelihood of hospital admission in a logistic regression model. The results of our cohort study suggest that Mp genotype does not determine Mp-induced cutaneous disease or a specific dermatological presentation. Nevertheless, infections with certain MLVA strains could induce more severe cutaneous disease requiring hospitalization.

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