背景:头颅畸形通常被定义为由于矢状缝线过早融合而导致的颅骨变形。这是最常见的颅骨融合症,并且可以在简单的临床检查中容易地识别。其病理生理学易于理解,并在神经放射学检查中得到确认。相比之下,手术适应症仍然有些争议,争议主要涉及治疗目标和审美目标。近年来,然而,一些研究对这种疾病的病理生理学的基本和相对简单的解释提出了挑战。
方法:为了评估肩头畸形的异质性,我们回顾了在HópitalFemme-Mère-Enfant手术的头颅畸形病例,里昂大学医院,法国在10年期间(2008-2017年),并对舟骨和矢状缝合闭合的文献进行了回顾。
结果:在10年期间,401名儿童在医院FemmeMèreEnfant接受了头颅手术,里昂大学医院。手术的平均年龄为1.14岁,中位数为0.7年(范围,4个月至8。5年)。根据形态学可以区分几种亚型,影像学上的颅内发现,患者年龄,和与矢状面滑膜相关的病因。两种主要的手术技术被用来矫正畸形,根据患者年龄,变形类型和外科医生的偏好:颅骨穹顶重塑伴枕骨扩张,病人处于俯卧位,有或没有额头重塑的顶骨扩大,在背卧.
结论:矢状滑膜的复杂性和异质性取决于导致和干扰颅骨异常的不同致病机制:脑脊液动力学异常,可能与全身性改变有关,考虑到不同的术后形态和功能过程,在认知障碍和晚期并发症(尤其是颅内压升高)方面。然而,这种异质性临床表现对手术适应症和手术结果的真正影响仍有待阐明.
BACKGROUND: Scaphocephaly is usually defined as the deformation of the skull resulting from the premature fusion of the sagittal suture. It is the most common type of craniosynostosis, and can be easily recognized on simple clinical examination. Its pathophysiology is easy to understand and to confirm on neuroradiological examination. In contrast, surgical indications are still somewhat controversial, the dispute mainly concerning therapeutic versus esthetic objectives. In recent years, however, several studies have challenged these basic and relatively simplistic interpretations of the pathophysiology of the condition.
METHODS: To assess the heterogeneity of scaphocephaly, we reviewed cases of scaphocephaly operated on at the Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Lyon University Hospital, France during a 10-year period (2008-2017) and performed a review of the literature on scaphocephaly and sagittal suture closure.
RESULTS: During the 10-year period, 401 children were operated on for a scaphocephaly at the Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Lyon University Hospital. Mean age at surgery was 1.14 years, for a median 0.7 years (range, 4 months to 8. 5 years). Several subtypes could be distinguished according to morphology, intracranial findings on imaging, patient age, and etiology associated to the sagittal synostosis. Two main surgical techniques were used to correct the malformation, depending on patient age, type of deformation and the surgeon\'s preference: cranial vault remodeling with occipital pole widening, with the patient in a prone position, and parietal enlargement with or without forehead remodeling, in dorsal decubitus.
CONCLUSIONS: The complexity and heterogeneous nature of sagittal synostoses depend on different pathogenic mechanisms leading to and interfering with the skull abnormalities: abnormalities of CSF dynamics, possibly associated with systemic alterations, accounting for the varied postoperative morphological and functional course, in terms of cognitive impairment and late complications (notably intra-cranial pressure elevation). However, the real impact of such heterogeneous clinical presentations on surgical indications and surgical results remains to be elucidated.