背景:孤独会影响所有年龄段的人,流动渔民由于其职业性质而容易感到孤独。然而,没有研究调查加纳渔民的孤独和危险行为。因此,这项研究的目的是检查渔民的活动史,孤独的普遍性,孤独的预测因素,孤独对渔民的影响,解决孤独的应对策略,以及埃尔米纳渔民中危险行为的流行,加纳。
方法:这是一项收敛的平行混合方法研究,涉及Elmina的385名渔民。问卷和访谈指南用于收集受访者的数据。描述性统计,皮尔森卡方检验和费舍尔精确检验,用二元逻辑回归分析定量数据,而定性数据则进行了主题分析。
结果:从定量结果来看,大多数渔民是流动的(54.5%)和独自旅行的(45.7%)。大约83%的渔民经历了孤独。雄性渔民(AOR=0.049;95%CI=0.003-0.741;p值=0.030),隶属于非洲传统主义宗教的渔民(AOR=0.043;95%CI=0.002-0.846;p值=0.038),以及与工作同事一起旅行的渔民(AOR=0.002;95%CI=0.000-0.023;p值=≤0.001),不太可能经历孤独。感到无聊,孤立和担心/焦虑是孤独的主要感知效应。饮酒和寻找同伴共度时光是渔民应对孤独感的主要策略。大多数男性渔民饮酒(92.5%;p值=≤0.001)并与同伴在一起(73.5%;p值=≤0.001)以应对孤独感。定量和定性结果表明,渔民从事危险行为(过度饮酒,随意性,和吸食大麻和烟草)。从定量结果来看,更多的男性渔民过度饮酒(97.6%vs.74.5%;p值=≤0.001),随意性行为(88.2%vs.61.7%,p值=≤0.001),吸食大麻(43.0%vs.13.0%,p值=≤0.001)和烟草(49.4%与19.1%;p值=0.001)比雌性渔民。
结论:孤独和危险行为在渔民中很常见。因此,迫切需要设计干预措施,以帮助减少渔民的孤独和危险行为。
BACKGROUND: Loneliness affects individuals of all age groups, and mobile fishers are susceptible to loneliness due to the nature of their occupation. However, there is no study examining loneliness and risky behaviours among fishers in Ghana. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine fishers\' mobility history, prevalence of loneliness, predictors of loneliness, effects of loneliness on fishers, coping strategies to address loneliness, and prevalence of risky behaviour among fishers in Elmina, Ghana.
METHODS: This is a convergent parallel mixed-method study involving 385 fishers in Elmina. A questionnaire and interview guides were used to collect data from respondents. Descriptive statistics, Pearson\'s chi-square and Fisher exact tests, and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the quantitative data, while the qualitative data were analysed thematically.
RESULTS: From the quantitative findings, most fishers were mobile (54.5%) and travelled alone (45.7%). Approximately 83% of the fishers experienced loneliness. Male fishers (AOR = 0.049; 95% CI = 0.003-0.741; p-value = 0.030), fishers affiliated with the African Traditionalist religion (AOR = 0.043; 95% CI = 0.002-0.846; p-value = 0.038), and fishers who travelled with their working colleagues (AOR = 0.002; 95% CI = 0.000-0.023; p-value = ≤ 0.001), were less likely to be experience loneliness. Feeling bored, isolated and worried/anxious were the main perceived effects of loneliness. Alcohol consumption and finding a companion to spend time with were the main strategies fishers used to cope with their loneliness. Most male fishers consumed alcohol (92.5%; p-value = ≤ 0.001) and spent time with companions (73.5%; p-value = ≤ 0.001) to cope with their loneliness. The quantitative and qualitative findings showed that fishers engaged in risky behaviours (excessive alcohol consumption, casual sex, and smoking marijuana and tobacco). From the quantitative findings, more male fishers engaged in excessive alcohol consumption (97.6% vs. 74.5%; p-value = ≤ 0.001), casual sex (88.2% vs. 61.7%, p-value = ≤ 0.001), smoking marijuana (43.0% vs. 13.0%, p-value = ≤ 0.001) and tobacco (49.4% vs. 19.1%; p-value = 0.001) than female fishers.
CONCLUSIONS: Loneliness and risky behaviours were common among fishers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design interventions to help reduce loneliness and risky behaviour among fishers.