背景:疫苗接种是降低2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)发病率和死亡率的有效策略。然而,COVID-19疫苗的接种量在各国之间和各国之间有所不同。瑞士在普通人群中的COVID-19疫苗接种水平低于许多其他高收入国家。了解与疫苗接种摄取相关的社会人口统计学因素可以帮助告知未来的疫苗接种策略以增加摄取。
方法:我们在瑞士人口中进行了一项纵向在线调查,由2021年6月至9月的六次调查浪潮组成。与会者提供了有关社会人口特征的信息,严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)的检测史,社会交往,愿意接种疫苗,和疫苗接种状况。我们使用多变量泊松回归模型来估计COVID-19疫苗摄取的调整率比(aRR)和95%置信区间(CI)。
结果:我们记录了1,884名成年人的6,758个观察结果。对于回归分析,我们纳入了1,883名参与者的3,513项观察.到2021年9月,806名研究参与者中有600人(75%)接受了至少一剂疫苗。年龄较大的参与者,男性,和学生,有更高的教育水平,家庭收入,和社交联系的数量,并且生活在一个有医学上脆弱的人的家庭中,他们更有可能接种了至少一剂疫苗。女性参与者,那些住在农村地区和小家庭的人,认为COVID-19措施过于严格的人接种疫苗的可能性较小。我们发现以前的SARS-CoV-2感染与疫苗接种之间没有显着关联。
结论:我们的结果表明,社会人口统计学因素以及个人行为和态度在瑞士的COVID-19疫苗接种中发挥了重要作用。因此,需要与公众进行适当的沟通,以确保公众接受和实施公共卫生干预措施。瑞士量身定制的COVID-19疫苗接种策略,旨在提高接种量,应针对特定的亚组,如妇女,来自农村地区的人或社会人口地位较低的人。
Vaccination is an effective strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination has varied across and within countries. Switzerland has had lower levels of COVID-19 vaccination uptake in the general population than many other high-income countries. Understanding the socio-demographic factors associated with vaccination uptake can help to inform future vaccination strategies to increase uptake.
We conducted a longitudinal online survey in the Swiss population, consisting of six survey waves from June to September 2021. Participants provided information on socio-demographic characteristics, history of testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), social contacts, willingness to be vaccinated, and vaccination status. We used a multivariable Poisson regression model to estimate the adjusted rate ratio (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
We recorded 6,758 observations from 1,884 adults. For the regression analysis, we included 3,513 observations from 1,883 participants. By September 2021, 600 (75%) of 806 study participants had received at least one vaccine dose. Participants who were older, male, and students, had a higher educational level, household income, and number of social contacts, and lived in a household with a medically vulnerable person were more likely to have received at least one vaccine dose. Female participants, those who lived in rural areas and smaller households, and people who perceived COVID-19 measures as being too strict were less likely to be vaccinated. We found no significant association between previous SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccination uptake.
Our results suggest that socio-demographic factors as well as individual behaviours and attitudes played an important role in COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Switzerland. Therefore, appropriate communication with the public is needed to ensure that public health interventions are accepted and implemented by the population. Tailored COVID-19 vaccination strategies in Switzerland that aim to improve uptake should target specific subgroups such as women, people from rural areas or people with lower socio-demographic status.