家蚕微孢子虫垂直传播引起的先天性感染会给养蚕业造成严重的经济损失。全转录组分析揭示了非编码RNA及其调控网络在N.bombycis感染的胚胎和幼虫。然而,先天性感染的胚胎和幼虫中微孢子虫增殖和宿主反应的转录组变化尚不清楚。这里,我们同时比较了N.bombycis及其宿主的转录组。先天性感染期间的5天和10天。对于N.Bombycis的转录组,先天性感染胚胎和幼虫之间的寄生虫表达模式的比较表明,感染期间幼虫中与寄生虫中心碳代谢相关的大多数基因都下调,而参与寄生虫增殖和生长的大多数基因被上调。有趣的是,维恩图和热图揭示了大量不同或共享的差异表达基因(DEGs),其中许多与感染相关的因素有关,如蓖麻毒素B凝集素,孢子壁蛋白,极管蛋白,和多糖脱乙酰酶。对于感染了N.Bombycis的B.mori的转录组,除了与DNA复制和修复相关的众多DEGs之外,mRNA监测途径,RNA转运,蛋白质生物合成,和蛋白水解,随着感染的进展,大量与免疫和感染途径相关的DEGs,包括吞噬作用,凋亡,TNF,Toll样受体,NF-κB,FcεRI,和一些疾病,先后被确认。相比之下,大多数与胰岛素信号通路相关的基因,2-氧代羧酸代谢,氨基酸生物合成,与胚胎相比,幼虫的脂质代谢上调。此外,参与表观遗传调控的几十个不同的和三个共享的DEG,比如polycomb,组蛋白-赖氨酸特异性去甲基酶,和组蛋白-赖氨酸-N-甲基转移酶,通过维恩图和热图识别。值得注意的是,通过RT-qPCR验证了与脂质相关代谢相关的宿主和寄生虫的许多DEGs。一起来看,同时对宿主和寄生虫基因进行转录组学分析,可以更好地理解N.bombycis先天性感染中胚胎和幼虫的微孢子虫增殖和宿主反应的变化。
Congenital infection caused by vertical transmission of microsporidia N. bombycis can result in severe economic losses in the silkworm-rearing industry. Whole-transcriptome analyses have revealed non-coding RNAs and their regulatory networks in N. bombycis infected embryos and larvae. However, transcriptomic changes in the microsporidia proliferation and host responses in congenitally infected embryos and larvae remains unclear. Here, we simultaneously compared the transcriptomes of N. bombycis and its host B. mori embryos of 5-day and larvae of 1-, 5- and 10-day during congenital infection. For the transcriptome of N. bombycis, a comparison of parasite expression patterns between congenital-infected embryos and larva showed most genes related to parasite central carbon metabolism were down-regulated in larvae during infection, whereas the majority of genes involved in parasite proliferation and growth were up-regulated. Interestingly, a large number of distinct or shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were revealed by the Venn diagram and heat map, many of them were connected to infection related factors such as Ricin B lectin, spore wall protein, polar tube protein, and polysaccharide deacetylase. For the transcriptome of B. mori infected with N. bombycis, beyond numerous DEGs related to DNA replication and repair, mRNA surveillance pathway, RNA transport, protein biosynthesis, and proteolysis, with the progression of infection, a large number of DEGs related to immune and infection pathways, including phagocytosis, apoptosis, TNF, Toll-like receptor, NF-kappa B, Fc epsilon RI, and some diseases, were successively identified. In contrast, most genes associated with the insulin signaling pathway, 2-oxacarboxylic acid metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and lipid metabolisms were up-regulated in larvae compared to those in embryos. Furthermore, dozens of distinct and three shared DEGs that were involved in the epigenetic regulations, such as polycomb, histone-lysine-specific demethylases, and histone-lysine-N-methyltransferases, were identified via the Venn diagram and heat maps. Notably, many DEGs of host and parasite associated with lipid-related metabolisms were verified by RT-qPCR. Taken together, simultaneous transcriptomic analyses of both host and parasite genes lead to a better understanding of changes in the microsporidia proliferation and host responses in embryos and larvae in N. bombycis congenital infection.