目的:提供有关2022年美国狂犬病分布和发生的全面流行病学信息,加拿大,和墨西哥。
方法:美国国家狂犬病监测系统从美国州和地区公共卫生部门以及美国农业部野生动物服务部门收集了2022年动物狂犬病数据。进行了时间和地理分析,以评估动物狂犬病病例的趋势。
结果:在2022年,美国54个司法管辖区报告了3,579例动物狂犬病病例,与2021年报告的3663例相比下降了2.3%。六个州共同报告了>50%的动物狂犬病病例:德克萨斯州(395[11.0%]),弗吉尼亚(337[9.4%]),宾夕法尼亚州(329[9.2%]),纽约(267[7.5%]),北卡罗莱纳州(264[7.4%]),和加利福尼亚州(241[6.7%])。在报告的狂犬病动物病例总数中,3,234(90.4%)归因于野生动植物,蝙蝠(1,218[34.0%]),浣熊(1,014[28.3%]),臭鼬(660[18.4%]),和狐狸(269[7.5%])代表确诊为狂犬病的主要宿主。狂犬病猫(222[6.2%]),牛(42[1.2%]),狗(50[1.4%])占报告的家畜狂犬病病例的90%以上。
结论:2022年,美国和加拿大提交狂犬病检测的动物样本数量有所增加。在美国检测到灰狐狂犬病病毒变体的显着地理扩展。墨西哥发生了3起因吸血蝙蝠狂犬病感染而导致的人类狂犬病死亡;美国和加拿大均未报告。
结论:动物狂犬病的实验室诊断对于确保明智地使用人类狂犬病暴露后预防至关重要。
OBJECTIVE: To provide comprehensive epidemiological information about the distribution and occurrence of rabies during 2022 in the US, Canada, and Mexico.
METHODS: The US National Rabies Surveillance System collected 2022 animal rabies data from US state and territorial public health departments and USDA Wildlife Services. Temporal and geographic analyses were conducted to evaluate trends in animal rabies cases.
RESULTS: During 2022, 54 US jurisdictions reported 3,579 animal rabies cases, reflecting a 2.3% decline from 3,663 cases reported in 2021. Six states collectively reported > 50% of animal rabies cases: Texas (395 [11.0%]), Virginia (337 [9.4%]), Pennsylvania (329 [9.2%]), New York (267 [7.5%]), North Carolina (264 [7.4%]), and California (241 [6.7%]). Out of the total reported rabies animal cases, 3,234 (90.4%) were attributed to wildlife, with bats (1,218 [34.0%]), raccoons (1,014 [28.3%]), skunks (660 [18.4%]), and foxes (269 [7.5%]) representing the primary hosts confirmed with rabies. Rabid cats (222 [6.2%]), cattle (42 [1.2%]), and dogs (50 [1.4%]) constituted > 90% of reported domestic animal rabies cases.
CONCLUSIONS: In 2022, there was an increase in the number of animal samples submitted for rabies testing in the US and Canada. A notable geographic expansion of gray fox rabies virus variant was detected in the US. Three human rabies deaths due to vampire bat rabies infection occurred in Mexico; none were reported from the US and Canada.
CONCLUSIONS: Laboratory diagnosis of rabies in animals is critical to ensure judicious use of human rabies postexposure prophylaxis.