本研究的目的是在不使用交联剂的情况下实现壳聚糖(CS)和二氧化硅(SA)的快速凝胶化,还探讨了工艺参数与复合气凝胶性能之间的关系。通过改变系统的组成比(从SA:CS=1:1到5:1),系统凝胶化时间减少了>12倍,复合气凝胶的干燥收缩率最低为7.6%。在两个重组过程中,壳聚糖在乙醇的作用下迅速形成水胶体二级结构。这种现象降低了系统的稳定性,并使二氧化硅形成了两相复合水凝胶。因为纤维之间的网络间隙被用作凝胶生长的限制介质。此外,壳聚糖/二氧化硅复合气凝胶具有低密度(0.1144g/cm3)的介孔结构,30℃时的导热系数为0.028W/(m·K)。三甲基氯硅烷使复合气凝胶具有良好的疏水性,水接触角为134.7°,四氯化碳的吸附量可达自重的10倍以上。本研究为制备气凝胶提供了一种环保、高效的方法,在隔热领域有潜在的应用,油水分离,等。
The aim of this study was to achieve rapid gelation of chitosan (CS) and silica (SA) without crosslinking agent, the relationship between process parameters and the composite aerogels properties were also explored. By varying the composition ratio of the system (from SA:CS = 1:1 to 5:1), the system gelation time was reduced by >12 times, and the drying shrinkage of the composite aerogel reached a minimum of 7.6 %. During the two recombination processes, chitosan rapidly formed aqueous colloid secondary structure under the influence of ethanol. This phenomenon reduced the stability of the system and allowed silica to form a two-phase composite hydrogel. Because the network gap between the fibers was used as a limiting medium for gel growth. In addition, the chitosan/silica composite aerogels exhibited a mesoporous structure with low density (0.1144 g/cm3), and the thermal conductivity was 0.028 W/(m·K) at 30 °C. The trimethylchlorosilane made the composite aerogel have good hydrophobicity with water contact angle as 134.7°, and the adsorption capacity of carbon tetrachloride could reach >10 times of its own weight. This study provides an eco-friendly and high-efficiency method for preparing aerogels, which has potential applications in the fields of thermal insulation, oil-water separation, etc.