背景:女性健美运动员通过控制饮食来建立理想的体格,补充,锻炼到极端水平。在准备参加比赛的女性健美运动员中,蛋白质摄入量过多和饮食补充剂的使用无处不在,即,赛季中的竞争对手,然而,这两种饮食行为的动力相对未知。计划行为理论(TPB)已用于解释饮食行为。该研究的目的是研究TPB如何解释季节性竞争对手的蛋白质摄入量和膳食补充剂的使用。
方法:使用横截面设计,开发了一份在线问卷,已验证,并服用以收集膳食补充剂的使用,TPB变量,以及112个赛季中竞争对手的其他措施。使用多次24小时饮食回顾评估蛋白质摄入量。使用多元回归分析确定TPB与蛋白质摄入量和膳食补充剂使用之间的关联,同时调整混杂因素。
结果:对于蛋白质摄入量:态度,主观规范,感知的行为控制解释了8%的意图变化;主观规范独立预测意图。行为信念预测态度;主观规范由培训师/教练预测,锻炼伙伴,和社交媒体影响者。对于膳食补充剂的使用:意向解释了膳食补充剂使用差异的5%;态度,主观规范,感知到的行为控制共同解释了意图差异的38%。对膳食补充剂使用的态度是由五个因素预测的(不是浪费钱,帮助改善体质,维持能量水平,提供足够的卡路里,帮助恢复)。主观规范的主要决定因素是竞争对手,社交媒体影响者,教练/教练。感知行为控制由三个因素预测(购买的难易程度,可负担的购买,可供购买)。
结论:TPB可预测女性健美运动员在季节中的膳食补充剂使用情况,但使用TPB可预测蛋白质摄入量的证据很少。卫生专业人员应使用策略制定有效的干预措施,使健康教育信息与季节竞争对手的结果信念保持一致,并与他人合作,以影响更安全有效的膳食补充剂使用。
Women bodybuilders build their ideal physique by manipulating their diet, supplement, and exercise regimens to extreme levels. Excess protein intake and dietary supplement use is ubiquitous in women bodybuilders preparing for a competition, i.e., in-season competitors, however the impetus for these two dietary behaviors are relatively unknown. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has been used to explain dietary behaviors. The purpose of the study was to examine how the TPB can explain protein intake and dietary supplement use in in-season competitors.
Using a cross-sectional design, an online questionnaire was developed, validated, and administered to collect dietary supplement use, TPB variables, and other measures from 112 in-season competitors. Protein intake was assessed using multiple 24-h dietary recalls. Associations between TPB and protein intake and dietary supplement use were determined with multiple regression analysis while adjusting for confounders.
For protein intake: attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control explained 8% of the variance in intention; subjective norm independently predicted intention. Behavioral beliefs predicted attitude; subjective norm was predicted by trainer/coach, workout partners, and social media influencers. For dietary supplement use: intention explained 5% of the variance in dietary supplement use; attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control together explained 38% of the variance in intention. Attitudes towards dietary supplements use were predicted by five factors (not a waste of money, help improve physique, sustain energy levels, provide enough calories, help with recovery). Primary determinants of subjective norm were fellow competitors, social media influencers, and trainer/coach. Perceived behavioral control was predicted by three factors (ease of purchase, affordability to purchase, availability to purchase).
TPB predicted dietary supplement use in women bodybuilders during in-season but there was little evidence for the prediction of protein intake using the TPB. Health professionals should develop effective interventions using strategies that align health education messages with in-season competitors\' outcome beliefs and collaborate with their referent others to influence safer and effective dietary supplement use.