了解动物集体和社会的形成和功能是动物生物学的基本目标。迄今为止,研究鱼类浅滩行为的研究主要集中在表型的一般原理和生态相关性上,而生理状态的方式(例如,营养)影响集体行为仍然被忽视。这里,我们调查了具有三种不同营养状态的普通小鱼(Phoxinusphoxinus)的浅滩行为(对照治疗:禁食24h,禁食治疗:禁食7天,和消化处理:饱食喂养后1h)跨越两个生态环境(即,没有和有食物)。没有发现营养状态或环境对游泳速度的影响,但是消化组的加速度大于对照组,禁食组处于中等水平。与浅滩群长度和群宽度的变化趋势相似,禁食组的个体间距离和最近邻距离也大于消化组,这表明禁食和消化可能对群体凝聚力产生相反的驱动力。然而,营养状态和环境都不影响群体区域,群速,分组百分比时间移动,或群体极化。禁食组和对照组的觅食效率和鱼群消耗的食物百分比均高于消化组。我们的研究表明,一周的饥饿和食物消化的精力充沛的阶段往往会对群体形状产生相反的影响,而社会觅食环境不会影响鱼类的个体和群体行为。
Understanding how animal collectives and societies form and function is a fundamental goal in animal biology. To date, research examining fish shoaling behavior has focused mostly on the general principles and ecological relevance of the phenomeon, while the ways in which physiological state (e.g., nutrition) affects collective behavior remain overlooked. Here, we investigated the shoaling behavior of common minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) with three different nutritional states (control treatment: fasting for 24 h, fasting treatment: fasting for 7 days, and digestion treatment: 1 h after satiation feeding) across two ecological contexts (i.e., without and with food). No effects of either nutritional state or context were found on swimming speed, but the acceleration was greater in the digestion group than in the control group, with that in the fasting group being intermediate. Similar to change tendency in group length and group width of shoals, both interindividual distance and nearest neighbor distance were also greater in the fasting group than in the digestion group, suggesting that fasting and digestion may exert opposite driving forces on group cohesion. However, neither nutritional state nor context influenced the group area, group speed, group percent time moving, or group polarization. Both the foraging efficiency and the percentage of food items consumed by the fish shoals were greater in the fasting and control groups than in the digestion group. Our study suggested that one week of hunger and the energetically demanding stage of food digestion tend to have opposite influences on group shape, while the social foraging context does not influence the individual and group behavior of fish.