目的:本研究的目的是回顾现有证据,表明环境条件是运动员非感染性急性呼吸道疾病的危险因素。
方法:系统评价。
方法:PubMed,EBSCOhost和WebofScience(1990年1月1日至2020年7月31日)使用与男性和女性运动员(即从身体活跃的个人到精英运动员)相关的关键字进行了系统搜索,年龄在15-65岁之间,并结合了术语(非感染性急性呼吸系统疾病和[污染或过敏或气候]以及运动员和患病率/发病率/危险因素)。
结果:共有七篇论文(n=1567名运动员)解决了我们的问题。其中,一个专注于室内空气污染,四个是氯化游泳池暴露,两个是冷空气条件。没有人因为过敏而被选中,室外空气污染或其他气候条件。除了在氯化池游泳引起的鼻炎(n=1),在运动员中没有发现因环境引起的呼吸道疾病.运动时,游泳池(n=2)中的氯胺水平和竞技场中的空气污染物(n=1)被确定为鼻炎和呼吸道症状的危险因素。
结论:关于患病率的数据很少,急性暴露于氯副产品的发生率和危险因素,空气污染,冷空气或海拔高度对呼吸系统疾病的发展特别是在运动员身上。注意到运动员对环境诱发的肺病缺乏明确的定义,与普通人群不同,我们讨论了一些已发布的管理计划,以保护运动员的航空公司为每个特定环境。
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to review the evidence available suggesting that environmental conditions represent a risk factor associated with non-infective acute respiratory illness in athletes.
METHODS: Systematic review.
METHODS: PubMed, EBSCOhost and Web of Science (1st January 1990-31 July 2020) were searched systematically using keywords related to male and female athletes (i.e. from physically active individuals to elite athletes), aged 15-65 years and a combination of the terms (non-infective acute respiratory illness AND [pollution OR allergies OR climate] AND athletes AND prevalence/incidence/risk factors).
RESULTS: A total of seven papers (n = 1567 athletes) addressed our question. Among these, one focused on indoor air pollution, four on chlorinated swimming pool exposure and two on cold air conditions. None was selected for allergies, outdoor air pollution or other climatic conditions. Except rhinitis induced by swimming in chlorinated pools (n = 1), no respiratory disease due to the environment was identified specifically in athletes. The levels of chloramines in swimming pools (n = 2) and air pollutant in arenas (n = 1) were identified as risk factors for rhinitis and respiratory symptoms when exercising.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a paucity of data on the prevalence, incidence and risk factors of being acutely exposed to chlorine by-products, air pollution, cold air or altitude on the development of respiratory disease specifically in athletes. Noting the lack of a clear definition of environmentally induced lung disease in athletes, distinct from that of the general population, we addressed the few published management plans to protect athletes\' airways for each specific environment.