Computerized cognitive training (CCT) is a rapidly developing area of cognitive rehabilitation at the intersection of information technology and healthcare, the constantly updated results of which can be successfully translated into practical application in clinical medicine and in particular in gerontology. The basis of CCT, as a non-invasive method of influencing the functional activity of the brain and the processes of neuroplasticity, is software for stimulating cognitive functions in order to improve their productivity. The level of scientific and practical interest in CCP technology is growing rapidly. The article reports on the current state of research on the use of CCT aimed at correcting cognitive impairment. The purpose of this work is to systematize the available scientific data in this area, as well as to promote further integration of research in the field of information technology into clinical practice, in particular, to study the potential of CCT as a promising therapeutic tool in the paradigm of successful aging and prevention of the progression of cognitive impairment. This noninvasive intervention may improve global cognitive function in patients with clinically defined impairments and during normal aging in cognitively healthy older adults. However, new studies with fully comparable protocols are needed to evaluate in more detail the duration of the effect and the effectiveness of CCT in preventing cognitive decline in the long term.
Компьютеризированный когнитивный тренинг (ККТ) представляет собой быстро развивающееся направление когнитивной реабилитации на пересечении информационных технологий и здравоохранения, постоянно обновляемые результаты которого возможно с успехом транслировать в сферу практического применения в клинической медицине и, в частности, в геронтологии. Основу ККT, как неинвазивного метода воздействия на функциональную активность мозга и процессы нейропластичности, составляет программное обеспечение для стимуляции когнитивных функций с целью улучшения их продуктивности. Научный и практический интерес к технологии ККТ растет быстрыми темпами, и в определенной степени он даже больше, чем к некоторым другим областям реабилитации, ориентированным на здоровое старение. В статье сообщается о современном состоянии исследований применения ККТ, направленного на коррекцию когнитивных нарушений. Цель настоящей работы — не только систематизировать имеющиеся научные данные в этой области, но также способствовать дальнейшей интеграции быстро развивающихся исследований в области информационных технологий в клиническую практику. В частности, необходимо изучить потенциал ККТ как перспективного терапевтического инструмента в парадигме успешного старения и профилактики прогрессирования когнитивных нарушений. Проведенный анализ показывает, что такое вмешательство может улучшить глобальные когнитивные функции у пациентов с клинически установленными нарушениями и в процессе нормального старения у когнитивно-здоровых людей пожилого возраста. Однако необходимы новые исследования с максимально сопоставимыми протоколами, чтобы более детально оценить длительность эффекта и результативность ККТ для предотвращения снижения когнитивных функций в долгосрочной перспективе.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the exploration of innovative interventions for addressing problems of children and adolescents with specific learning disabilities (SLD) has garnered significant attention within the realm of neurocognitive research. Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) has emerged as a promising tool for enhancing cognitive skills in children, offering a non-invasive and safe method that may particularly benefit those with learning difficulties. We aimed to appraise the extent and the quality of studies about impact of TES on cognitive skills including academic skills in children and adolescents with SLD.
METHODS: A literature search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles published between January 2000 and January 2024 were searched in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The study eligibility criteria were previously established according to the PICO model. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and Cochrane Collaboration tool (ROB2) were used to assess the methodological quality and the risk of bias of the included studies, respectively.
RESULTS: The initial search yielded 1571 studies among which 30 studies were systematically reviewed. The total number of participants was 224 individuals (intervention: 114; control: 110). Findings showed significant improvements in reading skills such as text reading, high-frequency word reading speed and efficiency and mathematical skills. Conversely, other cognitive skills such as working memory were not improved in people with dyslexia and dyscalculia.
CONCLUSIONS: TES interventions can positively affect cognitive skills in children and adolescents with SLD; However, due to the small number of studies, medium methodological quality and high risk of bias, caution should be taken when interpreting the results.

UNASSIGNED: Alzheimer\'s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly affects the elderly population. Traditional assessment methods, including neuropsychological tests like the MMSE, have been the cornerstone of AD diagnosis for decades. These methods are grounded in a wealth of research and clinical experience, providing a robust framework for understanding the cognitive deficits of AD. The evolution of AD assessment and rehabilitation has recently been tackled with the introduction of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies.
UNASSIGNED: To evaluate the use of storytelling and reminiscence therapy in virtual reality programs as a complementary and enhancing modality alongside standard assessment and rehabilitation for Alzheimer\'s patients. To explore how regular interaction with VR narratives can slow cognitive decline or improve relevant features of cognitive functioning over the time. To propose a new assessment and rehabilitative tool based on the use of VR and digital storytelling.
UNASSIGNED: A comparative analysis of Standard Neuropsychological Approaches and Virtual Reality Interventions in patients with Alzheimer disorder was carried out. A literature overview on the empirical studies between 2019 and 2024 was conducted.
UNASSIGNED: We propose a new VR-based setup mediated by the use of storytelling for the assessment and recovery of AD.
UNASSIGNED: The employment of storytelling within VR programs for the assessment and rehabilitation of Alzheimer\'s disease can positively impact both the cognitive and emotional realms of patients, with beneficial outcomes on caregivers\' and families\' burden. The successful implementation of this approach requires careful consideration of accessibility, data interpretation, and standard validation protocols.

BACKGROUND: The increase in cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) underlines the urgency of finding effective methods to slow its progression. Given the limited effectiveness of current pharmacological options to prevent or treat the early stages of this deterioration, non-pharmacological alternatives are especially relevant.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a cognitive-motor intervention based on immersive virtual reality (VR) that simulates an activity of daily living (ADL) on cognitive functions and its impact on depression and the ability to perform such activities in patients with MCI.
METHODS: Thirty-four older adults (men, women) with MCI were randomized to the experimental group (n = 17; 75.41 ± 5.76) or control (n = 17; 77.35 ± 6.75) group. Both groups received motor training, through aerobic, balance and resistance activities in group. Subsequently, the experimental group received cognitive training based on VR, while the control group received traditional cognitive training. Cognitive functions, depression, and the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) were assessed using the Spanish versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-S), the Short Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-S), and the of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL-S) before and after 6-week intervention (a total of twelve 40-minutes sessions).
RESULTS: Between groups comparison did not reveal significant differences in either cognitive function or geriatric depression. The intragroup effect of cognitive function and geriatric depression was significant in both groups (p < 0.001), with large effect sizes. There was no statistically significant improvement in any of the groups when evaluating their performance in ADLs (control, p = 0.28; experimental, p = 0.46) as expected. The completion rate in the experimental group was higher (82.35%) compared to the control group (70.59%). Likewise, participants in the experimental group reached a higher level of difficulty in the application and needed less time to complete the task at each level.
CONCLUSIONS: The application of a dual intervention, through motor training prior to a cognitive task based on Immersive VR was shown to be a beneficial non-pharmacological strategy to improve cognitive functions and reduce depression in patients with MCI. Similarly, the control group benefited from such dual intervention with statistically significant improvements.
BACKGROUND: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06313931; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06313931 .

This single-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) study was planned to examine the effect of the Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) intervention on occupational performance and executive functions through daily routines children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using a simple random method, the children were divided into two groups: n = 15 in the CO-OP group (4 girls, 11 boys) and n = 15 in the control group (3 girls, 12 boys). CO-OP intervention included 12 sessions (2 sessions per week, each lasting 1 hour, 6 weeks in total) focusing on teaching cognitive strategies to improve daily living activities. These sessions involved personalized goal setting, performance analysis, and the application of cognitive strategies to enhance executive function and occupational performance in children with ADHD. The data were collected by assessing the children with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Goal Attainment Scaling, and Executive Functions and Occupational Routines Scale at the beginning and end of the study. When comparing the pre- and post-evaluations of the CO-OP group, statistically significant improvements were noted in occupational performance and satisfaction (p < 0.001), occupational performance goals (p < 0.001), and executive functions through daily routines (p < 0.05). Test results for differences in posttest scores between the two groups showed that the CO-OP group had significantly better activity performance and satisfaction (p < 0.001), as well as gains in social routines for executive skills (p < 0.05), compared to the control group. The findings suggest that the CO-OP approach represents a promising and effective method for facilitating skill acquisition in various activities among children diagnosed with ADHD. Trial registration: This research was registered to clinical trials with the code NCT05125120.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for home rehabilitation services, leading to the development and rising demand for cognitive rehabilitation apps. However, a comprehensive analysis of the content and effectiveness of these apps is needed. This study systematically reviewed and analyzed the literature on mobile apps for cognitive rehabilitation. One researcher and an external expert conducted the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment following the PRISMA Checklist 2020 guidelines. Our review of 18 studies identified 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (44.44%) of high quality and 10 non-RCT studies (55.56%) of moderate quality. Overall, 16 of the 18 studies (88.88%) demonstrated positive clinical implications for cognitive function after using cognitive rehabilitation apps. Eight studies showed a correlation between app use and improved cognitive function, and four highlighted the potential for cognitive function evaluation through apps. All studies employed various occupational therapy (OT) intervention approaches, with prevention being the most common (100%), followed by establishment and restoration (83.33%), maintenance (77.77%), and creation and promotion (38.88%). This study clinically validates the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation mobile applications from an occupational therapy perspective.

BACKGROUND: Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) improved communicative skills in adults with post-stroke aphasia demonstrating the effectiveness in speech disorders and consequent improvement of patients\' communication skills. This study aimed to report the efficacy of AAC in the rehabilitation of cognitive disorders and to estimate how the changes in cognitive and communicative functions could enhance the quality of life in patients affected by severe acquired brain injury.
METHODS: Three patients with pontine cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and meningioma expressed in the posterior cranial fossa, respectively, were submitted to rehabilitative training with AAC for 6 months. Patients underwent to neuropsychological and mood evaluations at the beginning of AAC treatment (T0) and after rehabilitative training (T1).
RESULTS: The results support the efficacy of AAC in the improvement of cognitive functions, particularly in memory, attention, and language domains. In addition, we described also an improvement in the quality of life and a decrease in depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: The AAC seems to be an important rehabilitative technique for the recovery of cognitive functions with a consequent effect in improvement of psychological aspects and quality of life in patients with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI).

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the adaptation of a group cognitive rehabilitation program for prostate cancer survivors (PCS) via telehealth delivery using a codesign approach with PCS experiencing cancer-related cognitive impairment. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) also informed the intervention development.
METHODS: Intervention development consisted of three steps: 1) Adapting an existing cancer-related cognitive rehabilitation program for PCS; 2) Conducting a codesign focus group workshop to gather feedback that was analyzed using a template approach; and 3) Incorporation of consumer feedback to refine the program for future piloting in PCS. Components of the finalized intervention were mapped onto the TDF domains.
RESULTS: Six PCS were involved in the codesign focus group workshop, providing feedback on program structure, the topics and its order, and rehabilitation activities. A manualized four-week online group cognitive rehabilitation program titled \"Promoting Cognitive Wellbeing in Prostate Cancer Survivors (ProCog)\" was developed. Four sessions of 2-hours\' duration were designed exploring: cognitive/brain functions; the impact of cancer treatments and ageing; the relationship between thoughts, feelings and behaviors; values-based goal-setting; and skills/strategies to manage fatigue and improve attention, memory, aspects of executive functioning, and emotional functioning.
CONCLUSIONS: Consumer input and guidance from the TDF ensures a robust development process for the online ProCog intervention, designed for and with PCS experiencing cognitive difficulties. As an important initial step before piloting, this adaptation and development process ensures that ProCog addresses consumer needs and preferences and targets factors increasing behavior change.
CONCLUSIONS: This research raises awareness of possible cancer-related cognitive impairments in prostate cancer survivors and strategies for rehabilitation. ProCog is an accessible online intervention that nurses can use to refer patients needing cognitive rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND: During the aging process, different changes in the body structures appear, increasing the susceptibility to develop type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The association between T2DM and MCI has been described in different studies. Despite the scientific evidence that shows that cognitive rehabilitation improves the cognitive performance of older adults with MCI, currently, there are few studies evaluating the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in older adults with T2DM and MCI.
METHODS: Pretest and posttest quasi-experimental design. Participants will be randomly assigned (1:1) to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group will undergo a 12-week cognitive rehabilitation program with a restorative approach. The control group will not receive any intervention. All participants will be followed up three months after randomization.
RESULTS: To develop a cognitive rehabilitation program that improves memory, processing speed and executive functions, as well as the level of glycemic control of the participants assigned to the intervention group. These results will allow us to acquire the necessary data to carry out a pilot test.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first quasi-experimental study in Mexico in which a cognitive rehabilitation program with a restorative approach is developed for older adults with T2DM and MCI. By carrying out this program, older adults will have an alternative treatment that improves their autonomy, specifically in the control of T2DM. In addition, this study makes important methodological contributions in the lines of research of T2DM and MCI.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021275421) synthesized evidence on the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation on cognitive and functional outcomes in adult cancer survivors.
METHODS: Articles were identified though PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from inception through June 30, 2023. Studies included participants ≥18 years old, diagnosed with cancer. Primary outcomes were validated measures of subjective and objective cognition. Articles were dual reviewed for eligibility and data extraction. Risk of bias was assessed with the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields.
RESULTS: The search yielded 3,811 articles; 65 full-text articles were reviewed; 53 articles (15 cognitive training, 14 strategy-based, 21 combinations, three inpatient rehabilitation), representing 52 unique studies, were included. Positive effects were observed in at least one objective cognitive measure in 93% of strategy training, 81% of cognitive training, 79% of combination rehabilitation interventions. Positive effects were observed in subjective cognition in 100% of strategy training, 55% of cognitive training, and 92% of combination interventions. Among studies with comparator groups, processing speed improved in 60% of cognitive training studies, while strategy training did not improve processing speed; otherwise, cognitive domain effects were similar between intervention types. Impact on functional outcomes was inconclusive.
CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive rehabilitation appear beneficial for cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Differential effects on specific cognitive domains (eg, processing speed) and subjective cognition may exist between intervention types.
CONCLUSIONS: Nurses should increase patient and provider awareness of the benefits of cognitive rehabilitation for CRCI.