可持续航空燃料(SAF)可以减少航空的CO2和非CO2影响。我们量化了由于SAF的混合比例不同而导致的北大西洋轨迹特性和气候强迫的变化,并证明了智能地分配有限的SAF供应可以将其整体气候效益增加9-15倍。在整个车队范围内采用100%SAF会增加轨迹跟踪发生率(+5%),但较低的非挥发性颗粒排放量(-52%)降低了年平均轨迹净辐射强迫(-44%),减少生命周期二氧化碳排放增加了气候收益。然而,在短期内,SAF的供应将受到限制。SAF以1%的比例混合并均匀分布到所有跨大西洋航班,将减少年度轨迹能量强迫(EFcontrail)和总能量强迫(EFtotal,轨迹+二氧化碳生命周期排放量的变化)约0.6%。相反,将相同数量的SAF以50%的混合比率定位到〜2%的负责最高度变暖的凝结尾迹的航班,将EFcontrail和EFtotal减少〜10和〜6%,分别。承认预测的不确定性,SAF以较低的比率(10%)混合并分配给更多的航班(〜9%)仍然减少了EFcontrail(〜5%)和EFtotal(〜3%)。两种策略都将SAF部署在夜间发动机颗粒排放量超过1012m-1的航班上,在冬天。
Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) can reduce aviation\'s CO2 and non-CO2 impacts. We quantify the change in contrail properties and climate forcing in the North Atlantic resulting from different blending ratios of SAF and demonstrate that intelligently allocating the limited SAF supply could multiply its overall climate benefit by factors of 9-15. A fleetwide adoption of 100% SAF increases contrail occurrence (+5%), but lower nonvolatile particle emissions (-52%) reduce the annual mean contrail net radiative forcing (-44%), adding to climate gains from reduced life cycle CO2 emissions. However, in the short term, SAF supply will be constrained. SAF blended at a 1% ratio and uniformly distributed to all transatlantic flights would reduce both the annual contrail energy forcing (EFcontrail) and the total energy forcing (EFtotal, contrails + change in CO2 life cycle emissions) by ∼0.6%. Instead, targeting the same quantity of SAF at a 50% blend ratio to ∼2% of flights responsible for the most highly warming contrails reduces EFcontrail and EFtotal by ∼10 and ∼6%, respectively. Acknowledging forecasting uncertainties, SAF blended at lower ratios (10%) and distributed to more flights (∼9%) still reduces EFcontrail (∼5%) and EFtotal (∼3%). Both strategies deploy SAF on flights with engine particle emissions exceeding 1012 m-1, at night-time, and in winter.