目的:有规律的抗阻运动训练和均衡饮食可以在分子水平上抵消与年龄相关的肌肉衰退。本研究的目的是探讨弹力带抗阻训练和营养补充对循环肌肉生长和降解因素的影响。住院老年人的身体表现和肌肉质量(MQ)。
方法:在维也纳积极老龄化研究中,91名年龄在83.6(65.0-92.2)岁的女性被随机分配到三个干预组之一(RT,阻力训练;RTS,阻力训练加营养补充;CT,认知训练)。肌肉生长抑制素的循环水平,激活素A,卵泡抑素,在基线以及干预3和6个月后测试IGF-1和GDF-15以及MQ和功能参数。
结果:6个月后,RT组(+14%)和RTS组(+12%)下肢MQ明显增加。用于椅台测试的RT和RTS组的性能得到改善(RT:+18%;RTS:+15%)。在干预的后期,仅在RT组中增加了卵泡抑素(18%),伴随着活化素A与卵泡抑素比率的降低(-7%)。IGF-1、肌肉生长抑制素和GDF-15水平不受干预影响。
结论:我们的数据证实,即使在非常老的机构化女性中,力量训练也能改善身体表现和MQ。这种改善似乎是通过通过卵泡抑素阻断肌肉降解途径而不是通过IGF-1途径诱导肌肉生长来介导的。由于生物标志物的血浆水平反映了各种器官系统的整体状态,建议对组织水平进行未来研究。
OBJECTIVE: Regular resistance exercise training and a balanced diet may counteract the age-related muscular decline on a molecular level. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of elastic band resistance training and nutritional supplementation on circulating muscle growth and degradation factors, physical performance and muscle quality (MQ) of institutionalized elderly.
METHODS: Within the Vienna Active Ageing Study, 91 women aged 83.6 (65.0-92.2) years were randomly assigned to one of the three intervention groups (RT, resistance training; RTS, resistance training plus nutritional supplementation; CT, cognitive training). Circulating levels of myostatin, activin A, follistatin, IGF-1 and GDF-15, as well as MQ and functional parameters were tested at baseline as well as after 3 and 6 months of intervention.
RESULTS: MQ of lower extremities significantly increased in the RT group (+14 %) and RTS group (+12 %) after 6 months. Performance improved in the RT and RTS groups for chair stand test (RT: +18 %; RTS: +15 %). Follistatin increased only in the RT group (+18 %) in the latter phase of the intervention, accompanied by a decrease in the activin A-to-follistatin ratio (-7 %). IGF-1, myostatin and GDF-15 levels were not affected by the intervention.
CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm that strength training improves physical performance and MQ even in very old institutionalized women. This amelioration appears to be mediated by blocking muscle degradation pathways via follistatin rather than inducing muscle growth through the IGF-1 pathway. As plasma levels of biomarkers reflect an overall status of various organ systems, future studies of tissue levels are suggested.