目的:本研究调查了COVID-19大流行对婴儿出生后18个月内常规和非常规疫苗接种的影响,同时探索社会人口因素的复杂影响。
方法:进行了一项队列研究,涉及2007年儿童在两个不同的时期:大流行前(2018年1月至6月)和大流行(2020年3月至2021年5月)。参与者被分为两个队列:2018年的962名儿童和2020-21年的1045名儿童。利用无条件逻辑回归,研究了疫苗接种(完全或非常规)与社会经济因素之间的关系,调整潜在的混杂变量,如年龄,母乳喂养,胎龄,还有双胞胎.
结果:研究的分析表明,在大流行后时期,母亲选择非常规疫苗的可能性增加3倍(95%CI2.25~4.23).然而,常规疫苗接种率无显著变化.完全接种疫苗的保护因素包括有一个雇佣的母亲,高等教育,和中等收入。相反,较高的收入与完全接种疫苗的可能性降低相关(OR0.34,95%CI0.20~0.59).
结论:与最初的预期相反,这项研究的结论是,COVID-19大流行对儿童完全疫苗接种率没有实质性影响.然而,观察到非常规疫苗接种的选择明显增加.社会人口因素,比如母亲教育,收入,和就业状况,成为关键的影响者,特别是在决定非常规疫苗接种的背景下。
OBJECTIVE: This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on both routine and non-routine vaccinations in infants during their initial 18 months of life, concurrently exploring the complex influence of sociodemographic factors.
METHODS: A cohort study was conducted, involving 2007 children in two distinct periods: pre-pandemic (January-June 2018) and pandemic (March 2020-May 2021). Participants were classified into two cohorts: 962 children in the 2018 group and 1045 children in the 2020-21 group. Utilizing unconditional logistic regression, the association between vaccination (complete or non-routine) and socioeconomic factors was examined, with adjustments for potential confounding variables such as age, breastfeeding, gestational age, and twins.
RESULTS: The study\'s analysis reveals that in the post-pandemic period, mothers were three times more likely to opt for non-routine vaccines (95% CI 2.25-4.23). However, no significant alterations were observed in routine vaccination rates. Protective factors for complete vaccination included having an employed mother, higher education, and a medium-to-high income. Conversely, a higher income was associated with a reduced likelihood of complete vaccination (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.20-0.59).
CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to initial expectations, this study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a substantial impact on childhood complete vaccination rates. Nevertheless, a noticeable increase in the choice of non-routine vaccination was observed. Sociodemographic factors, such as maternal education, income, and employment status, emerged as key influencers, particularly in the context of deciding on non-routine vaccinations.