背景:精神药物(PD)的处方和应用限制性措施都经常用于管理智力残疾人(ID)的挑战性行为,这并不总是根据指南或良好的临床实践。
目的:本研究旨在调查挑战性行为之间的潜在三角关系,限制措施和PD处方的应用。
方法:在这项横断面研究中,挑战行为的数据,收集PD处方和限制性措施。我们定义并比较了四组相互排斥的参与者。
结果:将一个或多个PD规定为限制性措施(PDRM)的组的挑战性行为比其他三组更严重。更严重的挑战性行为,更多的抗精神病药物,抗抑郁药和抗焦虑药/催眠药处方,较低的剂量,与根据指南(PDNRM)规定使用PD的组相比,PDRM中更多地应用了domostics作为限制性措施。
结论:我们没有发现挑战行为三角关系的迹象,限制性措施和PD处方的应用。未来的纵向研究需要更好地理解这种复杂的关系,并应调查适应症和治疗效果。这篇论文做了什么?:这项研究是对挑战性行为症状之间潜在三角关系的首次探索,精神药物(PD)处方,以及限制性措施的应用。处方PD和应用限制性措施是两种干预措施,通常用于管理智障人士的挑战性行为。近年来,两者都是单独研究的主题。然而,可以想象的是,用于治疗具有挑战性行为的PD处方可以替代另一种形式的限制性措施,例如物理或机械约束。为此,我们定义并比较了4组相互排斥的参与者.我们没有发现这种三角关系的迹象。另一方面,我们发现,在使用PDs作为限制性措施的组中,挑战性行为的严重程度最高,仅次于其他限制性措施.我们的结果可能表明,处方PD和应用非药物限制性措施同时用于管理具有挑战性的行为,没有充分实施或有效。
BACKGROUND: Prescribing of psychotropic drugs (PDs) and applying restrictive measures are both frequently used in managing challenging behaviour of people with intellectual disabilities (ID), which is not always according to guidelines or good clinical practice.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the potential triangular relationship between challenging behaviour, the application of restrictive measures and PD prescription.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, data on challenging behaviour, PD prescription and restrictive measures were collected. We defined and compared four mutually exclusive groups of participants.
RESULTS: Challenging behaviour in the group in whom one or more PD were prescribed as a restrictive measures (PDRM) was more severe than in the other three groups. More severe challenging behaviour, a higher number of antipsychotics, antidepressants and anxiolytics/hypnotics prescriptions, a lower dosage, and more application of domotics as restrictive measure was shown in the PDRM compared to the group in whom PDs were prescribed according to guidelines (PDNRM).
CONCLUSIONS: We did not find indications for a triangular relationship of challenging behaviour, the application of restrictive measures and PD prescriptions. Future longitudinal research is needed to better understand this complex relationship and should investigate the indication and the effect of treatment. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS?: This study is a first exploration of the potential triangular relationship between symptoms of challenging behaviour, psychotropic drug (PD) prescription, and the application of restrictive measures. Prescribing PDs and applying restrictive measures are two interventions which are commonly used to manage challenging behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities. Both have been subject of research separately in recent years. However, it is conceivable that the PD prescription in treatments for challenging behaviour could be a substitute for another form of a restrictive measure, for example a physical or mechanical restraint. For this purpose, we defined and compared four mutually exclusive groups of participants. We found no indication for this triangular relationship. On the other hand, we found the highest severity of challenging behaviour in the group who used PDs as restrictive measure next to other restrictive measures. Our results may suggest that both prescribing PDs and applying non-pharmacological restrictive measures are used simultaneously in managing challenging behaviour, are not sufficiently implemented or effective.