本研究旨在探讨柴胡疏肝散(CHSG)通过调节法尼醇X受体(FXR)/核转录因子-2相关因子(Nrf2)/抗氧化反应元件(ARE)通路对肝内胆汁淤积大鼠肝损伤的影响。84只SD大鼠分为正常组,模型组,CHSG-L组(0.5g·kg~(-1)),CHSG-H组(2.5g·kg~(-1)),熊去氧胆酸组(UDCA组,100mg·kg~(-1)),CHSG-H+sh-NC组(2.5g·kg~(-1)CHSG+sh-NC慢病毒皮下注射),CHSG-H+sh-FXR组(2.5g·kg~(-1)CHSG+sh-FXR慢病毒皮下注射),每组12只大鼠。除正常组和模型组外,均给予相应的药物治疗,一天一次,7天。第五天,老鼠,除了正常组,给予α-萘异硫氰酸酯(ANIT),剂量为100mg·kg~(-1),每天一次,持续3天,以诱导肝内胆汁淤积,正常组给予等量生理盐水。最后一次给药后1小时将大鼠麻醉,并测量2小时的胆汁流量。采用Aeroset化学分析仪检测丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平,天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST),总胆红素(TBIL),大鼠血清总胆汁酸(TBA)含量。根据苏木精和伊红(HE)染色,观察大鼠肝组织病理变化。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),用相应的试剂盒监测大鼠肝组织匀浆中的丙二醛(MDA)。Westernblot检测FXR的表达,大鼠肝组织中的Nrf2和血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)蛋白。与正常组相比,模型组肝组织多斑或集中坏死区,大量炎症细胞浸润,肝细胞肿胀与核收缩。2h胆汁流量,GSH-Px和SOD的水平,和FXR的相对表达,Nrf2和HO-1蛋白显著降低,和ALT的水平,AST,TBIL,模子组TBA和MDA显著高于正常组。与模型组相比,CHSG-L组,CHSG-H组,和UDCA组显着减轻肝组织的病理损伤,显著高的2小时胆汁流量,GSH-Px和SOD的水平,和FXR的表达,Nrf2和HO-1蛋白,和显著低水平的ALT,AST,TBIL,TBA和MDA。与CHSG-H组相比,CHSG-H+sh-FXR组肝脏病理损害更严重,显著低水平的2小时胆汁流量,GSH-Px和SOD的水平,和FXR的表达,Nrf2和HO-1蛋白,和显著高水平的ALT,AST,TBIL,TBA,和MDA。CHSG可能通过激活FXR/Nrf2/ARE通路保护肝内胆汁淤积大鼠肝损伤。
This study aims to investigate the effect of Chaihu Shugan Powder(CHSG) on liver injury in rats with intrahepatic cholestasis by regulating farnesoid X receptor(FXR)/nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor(Nrf2)/antioxidant response element(ARE) pathway. Eighty-four SD rats were classified into normal group, model group, CHSG-L group(0.5 g·kg~(-1)), CHSG-H group(2.5 g·kg~(-1)), ursodeoxycholic acid group(UDCA group, 100 mg·kg~(-1)), CHSG-H+sh-NC group(2.5 g·kg~(-1) CHSG+subcutaneous injection of sh-NC lentivirus), CHSG-H+sh-FXR group(2.5 g·kg~(-1) CHSG+subcutaneous injection of sh-FXR lentivirus), with 12 rats in each group. Rats were treated with corresponding drugs except for the normal group and the model group, once a day, for 7 days. On 5 th day, rats, except the normal group, were given α-naphthalene isothiocyanate(ANIT) at a dose of 100 mg·kg~(-1), once a day for 3 days to induce intrahepatic cholestasis, and the normal group was given the same amount of normal saline. Rats were anesthetized 1 h after the last administration and the 2 h bile flow was measured. Aeroset chemistry analyzer was employed to detect the levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), total bilirubin(TBIL), and total bile acid(TBA) in rat serum. Based on hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining, the pathological changes of rat liver tissue were observed. Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and malondialdehyde(MDA) in rat liver tissue homogenate were monitored with corresponding kits. Western blot was used to detect the expression of FXR, Nrf2, and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) proteins in rat liver tissue. Compared with the normal group, the model group showed many spots or concentrated necrotic areas in the liver tissue, infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells, swelling liver cells with nuclear shrinkage. The 2 h bile flow, levels of GSH-Px and SOD, and relative expression of FXR, Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins were significantly lower, and the levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, TBA and MDA were significantly higher in the model group than in the normal group. Compared with the model group, CHSG-L group, CHSG-H group, and UDCA group demonstrated significant alleviation of pathological damage of the liver tissue, significantly high 2 h bile flow, levels of GSH-Px and SOD, and expression of FXR, Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins, and significantly low levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, TBA and MDA. Compared with the CHSG-H group, the CHSG-H+sh-FXR group had worse liver pathological damage, significantly low levels of 2 h bile flow, levels of GSH-Px and SOD, and expression of FXR, Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins, and significantly high levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, TBA, and MDA. CHSG may protect against liver injury in rats with intrahepatic cholestasis by activating the FXR/Nrf2/ARE pathway.