目的:探索观点,马来西亚街头食品摊贩在户外部门减少盐分的障碍和促成因素,餐饮和消费者。
方法:进行了一项定性研究,包括22次焦点小组讨论和6次深入访谈,记录和逐字转录。采用归纳主题分析方法对数据进行分析。
方法:面对面进行了两次深度访谈和22次焦点小组讨论。在网上进行了四次深度访谈。
方法:焦点小组讨论在23个街头食品摊贩中进行,各种餐馆的21个餐饮服务商和76个消费者。对两名街头食品摊贩及四名宴会承办人进行了深入访谈,个别。
结果:消费者和食品经营者认为马来西亚户外食品行业的盐摄入量很高。食品经营者强调,在涉及所有利益相关者的户外部门,必须采取全面的减盐政策。消费者面临的意识和知识有限,食品经营者的适得其反的做法和获得负担得起的低Na食品的挑战,而食品经营者面临缺乏标准化准则和有效的执法机制以及不合作的消费者做法。两组都表示,食品质量和食盐价格也是障碍,他们提倡提高认识,加强对制成品食品的监管,并针对供应商采取更严格的执法措施。消费者还建议推广和认可注重健康的食品场所,而食品经营者建议为他们量身定制知识增强,获得消费者认可和保持食品质量的策略。
结论:这些发现提供了有价值的见解,为在马来西亚的户外部门制定和实施减盐政策提供了基础证据。
OBJECTIVE: To explore the perspectives, barriers and enablers on salt reduction in out-of-home sectors in Malaysia among street food vendors,
caterers and consumers.
METHODS: A qualitative study involving twenty-two focus group discussions and six in-depth interviews was conducted, recorded and transcribed verbatim. An inductive thematic analysis approach was employed to analyse the data.
METHODS: Two in-depth interviews and twenty-two focus group discussions were conducted face-to-face. Four in-depth interviews were conducted online.
METHODS: Focus group discussions were conducted among twenty-three street food vendors, twenty-one
caterers and seventy-six consumers of various eateries. In-depth interviews were conducted among two street food vendors and four
caterers, individually.
RESULTS: Consumers and food operators perceived a high-salt intake within Malaysia\'s out-of-home food sectors. Food operators emphasised the necessity for a comprehensive salt reduction policy in the out-of-home sector involving all stakeholders. Consumers faced limited awareness and knowledge, counterproductive practices among food operators and challenges in accessing affordable low-Na food products, whereas food operators faced the lack of standardised guidelines and effective enforcement mechanisms and uncooperative consumer practices. Both groups expressed that food quality and price of salt were also the barriers, and they advocated for awareness promotion, enhanced regulation of manufactured food products and stricter enforcement targeting vendors. Consumers also suggested promoting and recognising health-conscious food premises, whereas food operators suggested on knowledge enhancement tailored to them, strategies for gaining consumers acceptance and maintaining food quality.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide valuable insights that serve as foundational evidence for developing and implementing salt reduction policies within Malaysia\'s out-of-home sectors.