The animal models used in biomedical research cover virtually every human disease. RatDEGdb, a knowledge base of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the rat as a model object in biomedical research is a collection of published data on gene expression in rat strains simulating arterial hypertension, age-related diseases, psychopathological conditions and other human afflictions. The current release contains information on 25,101 DEGs representing 14,320 unique rat genes that change transcription levels in 21 tissues of 10 genetic rat strains used as models of 11 human diseases based on 45 original scientific papers. RatDEGdb is novel in that, unlike any other biomedical database, it offers the manually curated annotations of DEGs in model rats with the use of independent clinical data on equal changes in the expression of homologous genes revealed in people with pathologies. The rat DEGs put in RatDEGdb were annotated with equal changes in the expression of their human homologs in affected people. In its current release, RatDEGdb contains 94,873 such annotations for 321 human genes in 836 diseases based on 959 original scientific papers found in the current PubMed. RatDEGdb may be interesting first of all to human geneticists, molecular biologists, clinical physicians, genetic advisors as well as experts in biopharmaceutics, bioinformatics and personalized genomics. RatDEGdb is publicly available at https://www.sysbio.ru/RatDEGdb.
Животные модели, используемые в биомедицинских исследованиях, в настоящее время охватывают практически весь известный спектр заболеваний человека. База знаний RatDEGdb по дифференциально экспрессирующимся генам (ДЭГ) крысы как модельного объекта в биомедицинских исследованиях представляет собой коллекцию опубликованных данных по экспрессии генов у крыс разных линий, предназначенных для изучения артериальной гипертонии, болезней пожилого возраста, психопатологических состояний и других заболеваний человека. Текущий выпуск RatDEGdb содержит 25 101 ДЭГ, представляющих 14 320 уникальных генов крысы, которые изменяют уровень транскрипции в 21 ткани 10 генетических линий крысы в качестве моделей 11 заболеваний человека согласно 45 оригинальным научным статьям. Новшество RatDEGdb по сравнению с другими биомедицинскими базами данных заключается в курируемой аннотации отклонений ДЭГ крысы как модельного объекта с использованием независимых клинических данных об однонаправленных изменениях экспрессии гомологичных генов, выявленных у людей при различных патологиях. Собранные ДЭГ крыс были аннотированы однонаправленными изменениями экспрессии гомологичных им генов человека у больных людей относительно здоровых. К настоящему времени выпуск RatDEGdb содержит 94 873 такие аннотации для 321 гена человека при 836 заболеваниях согласно 959 оригинальным научным статьям, найденным в текущем выпуске базы данных PubMed. Представленная база знаний может быть интересна в первую очередь специалистам по генетике человека, молекулярным биологам, клиницистам и генетическим консультантам, а также специалистам в области биофармацевтики, биоинформатики и персонализированной геномики. RatDEGdb является общедоступной (https://www.sysbio.ru/RatDEGdb).

Catatonia is a severe psychomotor syndrome mainly associated with psychiatric disorders, such as mood disorders and schizophrenia. Seasonal patterns have been described for these psychiatric disorders, and a previous study conducted in South London showed for the first time a seasonal pattern in the onset of catatonia. In this study, we aim to extend those findings to a larger national sample of patients admitted to French metropolitan hospitals, between 2015 and 2022, and to perform subgroup analyses by the main associated psychiatric disorder. A total of 6225 patients diagnosed with catatonia were included. A seasonal pattern for catatonia diagnosis was described, using cosinor models. Two peaks of diagnoses for catatonic cases were described in March and around September-October. Depending on the associated psychiatric disorder, the seasonality of catatonia diagnosis differed. In patients suffering with mood disorders, peaks of catatonia diagnosis were found in March and July. For patients suffering with schizophrenia, no seasonal pattern was found.

BACKGROUND: Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome frequently observed in disorders with neurodevelopmental impairments, including psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been repeatedly associated with catatonia. It presents with an important interindividual morphological variability, with three distinct H-shaped sulcal patterns, types I, II, and III, based on the continuity of the medial and lateral orbital sulci. Types II and III have been identified as neurodevelopmental risk factors for schizophrenia. The sulcal pattern of the OFC has never been investigated in catatonia despite the role of the OFC in the pathophysiology and the neurodevelopmental component of catatonia.
METHODS: In this context, we performed a retrospective analysis of the OFC sulcal pattern in carefully selected homogeneous and matched subgroups of schizophrenia patients with catatonia (N = 58) or without catatonia (N = 65), and healthy controls (N = 82).
RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses revealed a group effect on OFC sulcal pattern in the left (χ2 = 18.1; p < .001) and right (χ2 = 28.3; p < .001) hemispheres. Catatonia patients were found to have more type III and less type I in both hemispheres compared to healthy controls and more type III on the left hemisphere compared to schizophrenia patients without catatonia.
CONCLUSIONS: Because the sulcal patterns are indirect markers of early brain development, our findings support a neurodevelopmental origin of catatonia and may shed light on the pathophysiology of this syndrome.

暂无摘要。

A 66 year-old right-handed female was admitted to our hospital presenting with recurrent episodes of catatonic symptoms consisting of stupor, waxy flexibility, and catalepsy lasting about 5-20 minutes. A brain MRI showed no significant abnormalities. An scalp-electroencephalography (EEG) concurrent with the symptoms showed ictal EEG activities arising from the left fronto-central area, which evolved into the bilateral frontal and bilateral parietal areas together. An 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) 4 days after improvement of the symptoms showed hypermetabolism in the bilateral frontal and parietal lobes. Her catatonic symptoms are assumed to be due to non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), namely ictal catatonia. The introduction of several anti-epileptic drugs improved the symptoms and normalized the EEG and FDG-PET findings. NCSE must be considered as one of the underlying state of catatonic symptoms because the treatment plan for acute and chronic state is different from that of catatonic syndrome due to psychiatric disorders.

The catatonic syndrome is an example of a multifactorial neurobehavioral disorder that causes much morbidity and mortality but also has the potential to unlock the mystery of how motivation and movement interact to produce behavior. In this chapter, an attempt is made to understand better the catatonic syndrome through the lens of neurobiology and neuropathophysiology updated by recent studies in molecular biology, genomics, inflammasomics, neuroimaging, neural network theory, and neuropsychopathology. This will result in a neurostructural model for the catatonic syndrome that centers on paralimbic regions including the anterior and midcingulate cortices, as they interface with striatal and thalamic nodes in the salience decision-making network. Examination of neurologic disorders like the abulic syndrome, which includes in its extreme catatonic form, akinetic mutism, will identify the cingulate cortex and paralimbic neighbors as regions of interest. This exploration has the potential to unlock mysteries of the brain cascade from motivation to movement and to clarify catatonia therapeutics. Such a synthesis may also help us discern meaning inherent in this complex neurobehavioral syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Catatonia is a transnosographic syndrome described by K. Kahlbaum in 1874. Catatonia can be life-threatening due to its complications and in case of malignant catatonia. Safe and effective treatments have been identified (benzodiazepines and electro-convulsive-therapy). The prevalence of this syndrome is important and represents about 10% of inpatients in an acute psychiatric ward. However, this syndrome appears to remain under-diagnosed and poorly known. We were, therefore, interested in the current knowledge of French psychiatry residents and young psychiatrists as well as the education they had received about catatonia.
METHODS: A questionnaire was submitted to French psychiatry residents and young psychiatrists with fewer than 5 years of experience. It included questions about knowledge of the symptoms, complications, causes and treatments of catatonia. Participants were also asked about their confidence in the management of a patient with catatonia and about the number of catatonic patients they had already met. The type of lecture and teaching about catatonia was also assessed.
RESULTS: Among the 376 psychiatrists that completed the questionnaire, 37.5% never had received any specific teaching about catatonia. Concerning the 62.5% who benefited from a specific lecture, this was mainly delivered as part of psychiatry DES. Heterogeneity in the education delivery on the French territory had been highlighted. In addition, participants\' knowledge of catatonic syndrome seems incomplete. However, knowledge of catatonic symptoms and first intention treatments was significantly better among respondents who were part of the \"with education\" group. The confidence in catatonia recognition and management, as well as the number of catatonic patients they met, are also significantly higher in the group \"with education\".
CONCLUSIONS: Specific education seems to improve the knowledge of young doctors and their ability to diagnose and treat catatonic patients. This education remains poorly provided and heterogeneous on the French territory. Catatonia deserves a place in the teaching program of the psychiatry DES, thus to become systematic.

Although a variety of metabolic, toxic, psychiatric, and neurologic conditions can produce catatonic syndromes, it is less widely recognized that this state may be caused by epilepsy. We present the case of a woman with catatonic behavior, which she could not recall. She also exhibited olfactory, auditory and visual hallucinations. An EEG demonstrated diffuse abnormal electrical activity, mainly on left temporal and frontal areas. Treatment with anticonvulsant drugs yielded excellent response.