BACKGROUND: Effective response and reducing the burden of family care for children with cancer is critical, and China currently lacks a specific assessment tool.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to translate and validate the Caregiving Burden Scale for Family Caregivers of Children with Cancer (CBSFC-CC) and then test and implement the tool.
METHODS: According to the Beaton cross-cultural debugging guide, preliminary Chinese version of CBSFC-CC scale was formed, which was suitable for Chinese language environment and clinical context. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed to verify structural validity. Convergent validity, discriminant validity and reliability were also conducted.
RESULTS: A total of 529 family caregivers of children with cancer participated in the survey. EFA extracts and combines four factors and explained 65.80% of the total variation. CFA proved that all the goodness-of-fit indicators were acceptable. The Cronbach\'s alpha of the Chinese version of CBSFC-CC was .96, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was .95. Four dimensions and 29 items were identified in the final Chinese version of CBSFC-CC.
CONCLUSIONS: The chinese version CBSFC-CC is scientifically reasonable and has good reliability and validity, which can be applied to the investigation of the nursing burden of family caregivers of children with cancer in China.

Most children with a rare disease are cared for by their family members but parenting such a child is extremely demanding due to the complexity and severity of symptoms, with serious physical, emotional, social, and financial consequences for caregivers. Although religion may serve as a positive coping strategy, little is known about its role in helping caregivers manage the stress related to the burden of caregiving in Poland. Therefore, we surveyed 925 Polish family caregivers of children with rare diseases to understand the association between caregivers\' religiosity and their caring experiences. The findings suggest that parents\' religiosity is associated with a more positive caregiving experience, perceived quality of life, and experienced caregiving burden. While religious caregivers reported experiencing less distressing emotions and stressed the encouraging impact of their child\'s disease on their life more often, non-religious caregivers experienced role captivity and role overload more frequently. Since religion may serve as a source of strength and a protecting factor against mental health problems and the burden of caregiving, healthcare professionals should be aware of the importance of religious and spiritual care, and caregivers\' religiosity should be considered an integral part of a holistic approach.

Care for family members is a significant characteristic of families in South Asia. A family is one unit, and every other member is emotionally connected and expected to take care of each other. However, the provision of care to a family member with mental illness can be physically as well as emotionally exhausting and distressing for the Family Caregiver. The present study aimed to investigate the caregiving burden in family caregivers of depression and schizophrenia.
For this cross-sectional research, a purposive sample of 80 Family caregivers taking care of at least one family member with mental health problems of depression (n=40) and schizophrenia (n=40) were recruited for the present study. The age range of the sample was 15 to 60 years. All the respondents were literates who could read and write in Urdu. The scale used to measure the caregiving burden was Zarit Caregiving Burden Scale. The data was collected from the male (n=22) and female (n=58) family caregivers. To access data, family caregivers were approached at the psychological services clinics of Rawalpindi and Islamabad in private and public sector hospitals.
The data were analyzed through descriptive and t-test analysis. Analyses of the data revealed that family caregivers of schizophrenia had a greater caregiving burden as compared to family caregivers of depression. Results also showed that females reported a higher caregiving burden as compared to male family caregivers.
Family caregivers of schizophrenia undergo the severe burden of care and distress, and they may be considered a high-risk group for the development of mental health problems. Comprehensive intervention programs may be developed to involve them and safeguard their mental health.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to find the caregiving burden level for patients with dementia who had multiple chronic diseases by simultaneously considering both patient and caregiver factors.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional study with 284 patients with dementia having multiple chronic diseases managed by the dementia collaborative care team at Changhua Christian Hospital in Taiwan was conducted. The input variables were from patients, such as age, gender, mood symptoms, and behavioral and psychological symptoms, and caregivers, including age, relation to the patient, caregiver\'s mood, and caregiving burden. The Apriori algorithm was employed to determine the association between patient and caregiver factors and different caregiving burden levels by setting up the minimum support of 1% and confidence of 90% along with lift >1.
UNASSIGNED: When caring for patients with dementia, twenty scenarios were found for caregivers with a severe burden. In addition, 1936 scenarios were related to caregivers with a moderate-to-severe burden. Specifically, there were eight scenarios for patients with three chronic diseases which could be further categorized into five general rules. Two hundred and fifty scenarios belonging to patients with two chronic diseases could be classified into 16 different combinations from eight chronic diseases of the database.
UNASSIGNED: Caregiver\'s mood, patients with mild dementia, and patients aged 75-84 years were associated with a severe caregiving burden. College and above education of the caregiver, the patient aged 85 years or more, and at least one of caregiver\'s moods were the variables to result in a moderate-to-severe burden for caregivers caring for patients with three multiple chronic diseases. Moreover, college and above education of the caregiver, mood symptom, age of the caregiver, and age of the patient were important variables for caregivers who had a moderate-to-severe burden taking care of patients with two chronic diseases.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effect of dependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention on self-care, symptoms, and caregiver burden in primary brain tumor patients and their caregivers.
METHODS: A parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted with patients who underwent surgery for a primary brain tumor between March 2019 and January 2020 in a tertiary hospital and with caregivers who cared for them at home. Eligible patients and caregivers were determined by block randomization. Outcome measures included validated measures of self-care agency (Self-Care Agency Scale), symptoms and interference by symptoms (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor-Turkish Form), and caregiver burden (Caregiver Burden Scale). Two-way analysis of variance was used in repeated measurements from general linear models compared to scale scores.
RESULTS: Self-care agency was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group in the first and sixth months after surgery (p < 0.05). The severity of the patients\' emotional, focal neurologic, and cognitive symptoms and interference by symptoms were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Caregiver burden was significantly lower in the intervention group in the first, third, and sixth months after surgery (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Dependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention increased patients\' self-care and reduced symptoms and their effects. It also reduced the caregiver burden. Dependent care theory can guide the nursing practices of nurses who provide institutional and/or home care services to patients with chronic diseases and their caregivers.
BACKGROUND: NCT05328739 on April 14, 2022 (retrospectively registered).

OBJECTIVE: Based on the two-factor model of caregiving appraisals, this study aims to (1) investigate the relationships between competence in dementia care and job satisfaction (work attitudes in positive aspect) and turnover intention (work attitudes in negative aspect) among formal caregivers in nursing homes, and (2) examine the mediating roles of positive aspects of caregiving (caregiving appraisals in positive aspect) and caregiving burden (caregiving appraisals in negative aspect) in the above associations.
METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the proposed model. STROBE checklist guides the reporting of this study.
METHODS: Using the multistage cluster sampling method, 407 formal caregivers were selected from 43 nursing homes across 7 districts/counties in China.
RESULTS: The proposed model shows a good model fit. Competence in dementia care shows significant positive associations with increased job satisfaction and decreased turnover intention among formal caregivers in nursing homes. Caregiving burden and positive aspects of caregiving mediate the relationships between competence in dementia care and both job satisfaction and turnover intention. Furthermore, the relationship between positive aspects of caregiving and job satisfaction is stronger than that with turnover intention, but the relationship between caregiving burden and turnover intention is not stronger than that with job satisfaction.
CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that the two-factor model of caregiving appraisals effectively elucidates the associations and underlying mechanisms between competence in dementia care and formal caregivers\' work attitudes. Specifically, two crucial conclusions are drawn: (1) competence in dementia care is associated with higher levels of job satisfaction and lower levels of turnover intention among formal caregivers in nursing homes; (2) caregiving burden and positive aspects of caregiving serve as parallel mediators in these associations.
UNASSIGNED: Policymakers and nursing homes managers should implement a series of measures aimed at formal caregivers in nursing home. Specifically, allocating more resources to enhance the competence in dementia care of formal caregivers is crucial, given its significant association with elevated job satisfaction and reduced turnover intention. Besides, positive and negative caregiving appraisals emerge as proximal factors influencing work attitudes of formal caregivers. Therefore, intervention projects focused on formal caregivers in nursing home should target enhancing positive experiences and alleviating caregiving burden.
UNASSIGNED: No patient or public contribution.

This study investigated the caregiving burden, quality of life and life satisfaction of caregivers of individuals with stroke during the pandemic period. A descriptive a study was performed with a sample of caregivers (n = 80) of inpatient individuals with stroke in Kayseri, Turkey. The Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale, Short Form Health Survey-36, and Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale were used as well as some open-ended questions. Using descriptive analysis and correlations, results showed that caregiving burden of the participants was correlated to quality of life and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 (p < 0.05). Specific types of burden include: stress, isolation, financial issues, disruption of therapy, patient-caregiver relationship, and kinship relations. These findings provide important information about the increased burden of caregivers during the pandemic. This study offers information to design a framework of interventions to reduce the physical, social, and psychological effects on caregivers in similar conditions.

BACKGROUND: The goal of palliative care (PC) is to improve the quality of life (QoL) of patients with life-limiting illnesses as well as their families. Ideally, PC is integrated early in the course of life-limiting illnesses. Less attention has been paid to the need for early PC for family caregivers (FCs) in lower-income settings.
OBJECTIVE: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the burden experienced by FCs of newly diagnosed incurable cancer patients in Egypt and characterize its relation to depression and QoL.
METHODS: Ninety-five adult FCs of adult patients with newly diagnosed incurable cancer completed the 22-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Short Form 12 (SF-12) to assess caregiving burden, depression, and QoL among FCs, respectively.
RESULTS: The median (IQR) ZBI-22 score was 17(11-24) and 34% of FCs had significant burden (ZBI-22 score > 20). Assistance with late loss activities of daily living and availability for longer caregiving duration were associated significantly with higher caregiving burdens (P = 0.004 and 0.047, respectively). FCs with significant burden had significantly higher PHQ-9 scores (P = 0.0003). There was a significant negative correlation between ZBI-22 scores and the bodily pain, general health, mental health, physical function, role emotional, and social function subscales/items of SF-12.
CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of Egyptian FCs of incurable cancer patients experience significant burden early in the course of the disease. This burden is associated with depressive symptoms and worse QoL dimensions, physical, psychological, and social. In a lower-income setting, early PC interventions for FCs of incurable cancer patients are needed.

OBJECTIVE: Child health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has been shown to improve after epilepsy surgery and is linked to parent HRQOL. We postulated that the HRQOL of parents whose children underwent epilepsy surgery would improve over two years compared to those treated with medical therapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the trajectory of HRQOL of parents whose children received treatment with epilepsy surgery or medical therapy over two years.
METHODS: This multi-center study recruited parents whose children were evaluated for epilepsy surgery. Parents completed measures of care-related QOL (CarerQOL) at the time of their children\'s surgical evaluation, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years later. Additional measures included parent anxiety and depression, satisfaction with family relationships, family resources and demands, and child clinical variables. A linear mixed model was used to compare the trajectories of parent HRQOL of surgical and medical patients, adjusting for baseline clinical, parent, and family characteristics.
RESULTS: There were 111 children treated with surgery and 154 with medical therapy. The trajectory of parent HRQOL was similar among parents of surgical and medical patients over the two-year follow-up. However, HRQOL of parents of surgical patients was 3.0 points higher (95%CI - 0.1, 6.1) across the follow-up period compared to parents of medical patients. Parents of seizure-free children reported 2.3 points (95%CI 0.2, 4.4) higher HRQOL relative to parents of non-seizure-free children across the two-year follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: Parent HRQOL did not improve after their children were treated with epilepsy surgery, possibly related to ongoing comorbidities in children.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between caregiving burden and pre-death grief, with a specific focus on adult-child caregivers in mainland China. Additionally, the study explored whether coping strategies played a mediating role in this correlation.
METHODS: A convenience sample of 320 adult-child caregivers of older parents with dementia from Kunming, mainland China, was recruited for the study. Data were collected using the Chinese version of the Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory-Short Form, the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers, and the Ways of Coping Checklist-Revised.
RESULTS: Results using linear regression and multiple mediation analysis with Hayes\' process model indicated that caregiving burden was positively related to pre-death grief and that active coping mediated the relationship between them. In the female group, active coping partially mediated the association between caregiving burden and pre-death grief, but in the male group, this mediating effect did not exist.
CONCLUSIONS: The study found evidence supporting the link between caregiving burden and pre-death grief among adult-child caregivers of older parents with dementia in mainland China. Furthermore, the caregiving burden prevented the use of active coping, and this decrease in coping increased the perception of pre-death grief. These associations only existed in the female group.
CONCLUSIONS: This paper presented the importance of active coping skills in the dementia caregiving process.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study emphasize the necessity for health practitioners to provide targeted interventions regarding pre-death grief among dementia caregivers and strengthen caregivers\' active coping strategies to reduce their pre-death grief. Community-based and personal care support services should be promoted to alleviate their caregiving burden.
UNASSIGNED: We have adhered to the transparent reporting of evaluations with quantitative design statements and the corresponding checklist was followed. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: \'No patient or public involvement\'.