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UNASSIGNED: Cardiovascular imaging plays an important role in identifying pre-existing cardiac comorbidity prior to the decision on cancer therapy and serves as a reference for detecting changes during treatment and long-term follow-up and also in the further identification of a possible cardiac manifestation of the underlying oncological disease.
UNASSIGNED: We report the case of an 81-year-old patient with a malignant melanoma. The patient initially was presented before the start of adjuvant therapy with serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf/mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitors. Cardiologic staged diagnostics using transthoracic echocardiography, transoesophageal echocardiography, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) revealed with a high probability a cardiac manifestation of the underlying disease. The echocardiographic and CMR results as well as the diagnostic workup are presented.
UNASSIGNED: Cardiac masses in general have a variety of differential diagnoses. Cardiac metastases are much more common than primary neoplasms in a ratio of about 10:1. Cardiovascular risk stratification is recommended in all patients with cancer before starting potentially cardiotoxic anticancer therapy. Cardiovascular imaging plays an important role for baseline risk stratification but is also the leading diagnostic tool in the differential diagnosis of cardiac tumours and the planning of a potential therapy.

UNASSIGNED: Patients with cancer are at an increased risk of thrombus formation, often identified on routine echocardiogram in the right atrium. The 2022 ESC Guidelines on Cardio-oncology emphasize cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as the gold standard for thrombus identification.
UNASSIGNED: We present a case series of seven patients who underwent CMR due to right atrial mass suspected to result from central venous catheter-related right atrial thrombus. In all cases, CMR enabled accurate diagnosis of a thrombus. It also allowed to assess complete or partial resolution of the thrombi following anticoagulation on follow-up studies.
UNASSIGNED: The presence of a central venous catheter is recognized as a risk factor for thrombus formation, particularly when inappropriately advanced into the right atrium. The integration of CMR into the diagnostic pathway enabled precise thrombus identification and guidance for treatment in this population with a complex balance between cancer-related thrombotic and haemorrhagic risks.

UNASSIGNED: In-situ right atrial (RA) thrombus is a rare occurrence typically associated with heightened inflammatory or hypercoagulable states. Here, we present a case of in-situ RA thrombus mimicking atrial myxoma in a patient with sepsis and bacteraemia.
UNASSIGNED: A 41-year-old man presented with septic arthritis and bacteraemia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A transoesophageal echocardiogram revealed a large pediculated mass resembling atrial myxoma, which was not visible on transthoracic echocardiography performed four days earlier. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging strongly suggested a thrombus, leading to the patient undergoing transcatheter aspiration. Subsequent pathology confirmed an organised fibrin thrombus without evidence of infection.
UNASSIGNED: The patient\'s in-situ RA thrombus likely developed in response to a heightened inflammatory state associated with sepsis. Limited data exist on in-situ RA thrombi in the absence of atrial fibrillation, though some reports suggest a correlation between heightened inflammation and a hypercoagulable state.
UNASSIGNED: CMR imaging is invaluable for characterising such masses and can aid in distinguishing a thrombus from a myxoma.
CONCLUSIONS: Differentiating right atrial (RA) thrombus from myxoma: cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is essential for distinguishing RA thrombus from myxoma, preventing unnecessary surgeries.Hypercoagulable and inflammatory states: spontaneous in-situ RA thrombi can occur without deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or atrial fibrillation, especially in hypercoagulable and inflammatory conditions.Transcatheter aspiration: this less invasive alternative to surgery is effective for large, mobile RA thrombi, reducing embolisation risk.

Understand the importance of considering alternative diagnosis in patients presenting with atypical features, specially when they are not responding to the standard treatment. Understand the importance of considering common presentations of rare cases. Underscoring the critical importance of timely recognition and appropriate management of potentially life-threatening conditions.

ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram typically indicates acute myocardial infarction but can mimic ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in various conditions. We present a case of a patient with an intramyocardial mass and anterior ST-segment elevation without significant myocardial biomarker elevation. Multimodality imaging was crucial in revealing cardiac metastasis as the attributable cause.

Cardiac involvement as the initial presentation of lymphoma is a rare occurrence. The most common type of cardiac lymphoma is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which often affects the right atrium. Cardiac lymphoma can either be mediastinal DLBCL invading the heart or primary cardiac lymphoma. We describe the case of an 84-year-old female who presented with an eight-week history of dyspnea. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest showed a right-sided pleural effusion with collapse of the right middle and lower lobes as well as a large mass-like density within the anterior pericardium, compressing the right atrium and right ventricle and encasing the right coronary artery. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed a multilocular hypoechoic mass in the right atrium with invasion into the wall of the right atrium. The patient underwent diagnostic and therapeutic thoracentesis. Pleural fluid cytology revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with positive stains for CD20, PAX5, CD10, BCL6, and Mum-1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed an abnormality of BCL2/18q (16%). A staging positron emission tomography (PET) scan showed a large mediastinal mass involving the right pericardium, focal uptake in the left thyroid lobe, left skull base, and musculature around the proximal left femur. Chemotherapy was initiated with R-mini-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). PET scans after three cycles of chemotherapy showed a complete metabolic response with the resolution of previously noted hypermetabolic lesions. The patient completed all six cycles of chemotherapy without issues. The differential diagnosis of a right atrial cardiac mass should include lymphoma. TTE is usually the initial imaging test, and a tissue biopsy is required for a definitive diagnosis. DLBCL is highly aggressive and carries a poor prognosis if untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment with standard chemotherapy are crucial for favorable outcomes.

The management of pulmonary embolus and intracardiac masses is rapidly evolving with the availability of transcatheter aspiration devices. We describe the utility of a transcatheter aspiration device in management of a patient with pulmonary embolus and a right atrial mass in transit after spinal surgery where a topical hemostatic agent was used to control intraoperative bleeding.

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UNASSIGNED: Myxoma of the left atrium is a less typical cause of mitral obstruction. If this develops, a flash pulmonary oedema can be the first manifestation.
UNASSIGNED: We present a case report of a 50-year-old woman who was admitted to our internal department because of dyspnoea. The patient overcame a stroke three years before the index hospitalisation with a negative transthoracic echocardiography. By anamnesis and physical examination, an exacerbation of COPD was assumed, and the patient was treated accordingly. As the patient showed numerous risk factors for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, transthoracic echocardiography was performed. A large polypoid mass was found in the left atrium, which caused severe mitral obstruction. Subsequent transoesophageal echocardiography confirmed this finding. The patient underwent urgent cardiac surgery, and the tumour was successfully resected. A histological examination revealed a cardiac myxoma. After the cardiac surgery the patient felt well, and no recurrence of the tumour occurred.
UNASSIGNED: We provide a case report of a fast-growing myxoma that was incidentally found in a patient with dyspnoea. We highlight the fast growth rate of the tumour and the potential for misdiagnosed signs of pulmonary oedema caused by mitral obstruction.
CONCLUSIONS: Myxomas are the most common primary tumours of the heart, which can manifest a variety of symptoms such as fever, weight loss, thromboembolism, or mitral obstruction.The symptoms of acute exacerbation of COPD and cardiogenic pulmonary oedema can overlap and can be difficult to differentiate by anamnesis and physical examination alone.Transthoracic echocardiography has a high sensitivity for cardiac masses and is the examination of choice when these are suspected.